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陈献章(1428—1500),广东新会人,字公甫,号石斋,世称白沙先生。他的学说既出于象山,又异于象山。象山的“心”是恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非之四端本心;他的“理”是仁、义、礼、智等封建伦理纲常;他的人生境界是与自身四端本心相统一而合于宇宙之诚,实际上是一种封建的道德境界。白沙则把象山所倡导的这种“儒家真精神”为己观念,发展为为己之学。其“心”是“无所著”的“虚明静一”之心;其“理”是无限至
Chen Xianzhang (1428-1500), Guangdong Xinhui people, Zi Gong Fu, Shi Zhai, the world said Baisha. His theory is out of Xiangshan, but also different from Xiangshan. Xiangshan’s “heart” is hidden, shameful, uncomfortable, uncomfortable, dictatorial, right and wrong; his “reason” is the feudal ethics of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom; his realm of life is unification with his own self-centeredness Honest harmony with the universe is actually a feudal moral realm. Baisha put Xiangshan, advocated by this “true spirit of Confucianism” for their own ideas, development for their own learning. Its “heart” is the heart of “fictional and unreal” which is “unnatural”; its “reason” is limitless