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在电子支付系统中，最难以解决的，同时也是最需要解决的是重复支付（double－spending）问题。离线系统中，通常采用的方法是银行发现同一电子货币被存入两次后，破解出使用该货币的用户身份。然而这种事后才发现的方法给非法用户以充足的时间。因此StefanBrands提出在用户端设立监视者，可以防止用户重复支付同一货币。本文在此基础上将有限自动机的概念引入到支付协议中，不仅提高了效率而且增强了安全性。
In the electronic payment system, the most difficult to solve, but also the most need to solve is the issue of double-spending (double-spending). Off-line system, the commonly used method is to find the same bank electronic money is deposited twice, the use of the currency to crack the user identity. However, this method of discovery afterwards gives sufficient time to unauthorized users. So StefanBrands proposes to set up monitors on the client side to prevent users from repeatedly paying the same currency. Based on this, this paper introduces the concept of finite automaton into the payment protocol, which not only improves the efficiency but also enhances the security.