唯美主义唯美主义是西方19世纪初期兴起的一种世界性的美学思潮,它的影响主要施之于文学领域,所以,很多西方文艺理论家,把它归结为一种重要的文学思潮。唯美主义是对古典的说教主义的反动。唯美主义者提出“为艺术而艺术”的主张,把艺术本身视为艺术的终极价值;同时,他们信奉“美学自主”论,以美本身作为艺术的终极价值。由此,他们提出了“纯粹艺术”、“纯粹美”等概念。19世纪90年代,唯美主义走向衰落。但是,唯美主义作为一种文学美学思潮,却没有因此而退出历史舞台,它凭借其广泛而深刻的影响力,注定会以各种不同方式,对世界文学的思想观念产生不可抵御的影响。从文学思想史来看,唯美主义上承后期浪漫主义,下启现代形式主义。它反对说教主义、抵制庸俗文化的价值取向,以及与生俱 Aestheticism of estheticism is a kind of cosmopolitan aesthetic trend that arises in the early 19th century in the West. Its influence mainly lies in the field of literature. Therefore, many Western literary theorists classify it as an important literary trend of thought. Aestheticism is the reactionary to the classical preaching doctrine. The aestheticists argue that “art for art” advocates art itself as the ultimate value of art; at the same time, they believe in “aesthetic autonomy” and regard beauty as their ultimate value. As a result, they put forward the concepts of “pure art”, “pure beauty” and so on. In the 1890s, aestheticism declined. However, aestheticism as a trend of literary aesthetics has not been withdrawn from the stage of history because of it. With its extensive and profound influence, aestheticism is doomed to exert an irresistible influence on the ideological concepts of world literature in various ways. From the point of view of literary and ideological history, aestheticism inherits post-romanticism and opens modern forms of formalism. It objected to preaching doctrine, resisting the value orientation of vulgar culture, and living with it