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读古诗,既要能懂得诗的意思,又要能领悟诗中的意境,方能受其感染和启发。诗是用书面语言表达的,因此,必须抓住语言进行分析。这里拟从语法角度谈谈旧体诗的分析。一、掌握词类活用,理解作者用意。词有定类,但在古代汉语里,某些同(一般是名词、动词、形容词)按照一定的语言习惯可以灵活运用,在句子中临时改变它的基本功能。这种现象在旧体格律诗中较为常见。如王安石《泊船瓜洲》:“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”句中的“绿”字本是形容词,这儿用作谓语,后带了宾语“江南岸”,是形容词的使动用法。表明春天己经来临,江南两岸一片翠绿。形容词“绿”字活用为动词,既有动词的功能,表现春风的足迹,又有形容词的作用,描绘出春天自然界明丽的色彩。
To read ancient poetry, one must be able to understand the meaning of poetry, but also be able to comprehend the mood in poetry before it can be influenced and inspired. Poetry is expressed in written language. Therefore, we must grasp the language for analysis. Here we will talk about the analysis of old style poetry from the perspective of grammar. First, master the use of words, understand the author’s intentions. There are certain types of words, but in ancient Chinese, some of the same (generally nouns, verbs, adjectives) can be flexibly used according to certain language habits, and temporarily change its basic functions in sentences. This phenomenon is more common in old-style metrical poetry. For example, Wang Anshi’s “Pedestrian Guazhou”: “When the spring breeze is on the south bank of the Green River, when the moon shines on me.” The word “green” in this sentence is an adjective. It is used as a predicate and is followed by the object “Jiangnan shore”. The use of adjectives. It shows that the spring has arrived and the two sides of the Yangtze River are green. The adjective “green” is used as a verb. It has both the function of a verb, the footprint of a spring breeze, and the role of an adjective, depicting the bright colors of the spring nature.