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当柱穗山羊草(AegilopscylindricaHost.)2C染色体单体添加到普通小麦品种中国春和以中国春为背景的派生系时,减数分裂时,不含2C染色体的配子会发生染色体结构变异。为了制备一套黑麦1R染色体缺失系以用于定位黑麦1R染色体上的控制重要农艺性状的基因,把一条2C染色体导入到小黑麦1R二体附加系(21″+1R″)中,然后让这些个体(21″+1R″+2C′,2n=45)自交,以便产生1R染色体结构变异体。实验共检测了345粒F2种子,83粒种子带有结构变异的黑麦1R染色体(24.1%)。通过C分带和原位杂交检测,对来自于23株F2的46个F3植株所带有的异常1R染色体进行了归类:其中1RL端体为39.1%,1RL等臂染色体为2.2%,1RL易位系为32.6%。1RS端体为4.3%,1RS等臂染色体为4.3%,切点在长臂上的缺失体为2.2%。在6.5%的植株中同时含有2种类型的1R染色体结构变异。其余8.7%带有异常1R染色体的个体因为没有原位杂交结果而无法判断是属于哪种类型。已获得的1R结构变异株将有可能进一步发展成为一套可用于定位黑麦1R染色体上重要功能基因的遗传材料。另外,还探讨了综合应用细胞学和分子标记方法鉴定易位染色体中小麦染色体片段的尝试,并对所获结果进行了讨论。
When Aegilops cylindrica Host 2C chromosome monomer was added to the common wheat variety Chinese Spring and the Chinese Spring-derived derivative line, chromosome segregation occurred when meiosis was divided into chromosomes without 2C chromosome. In order to prepare a set of rye 1R chromosomal deletion lines for locating the genes controlling important agronomic traits on chromosome 1R of rye, an 2C chromosome was introduced into the Triticale R complement system (21 “+ 1R”), These individuals (21 “+ 1R” + 2C ’, 2n = 45) were then selfed to produce 1R chromosomal structural variants. A total of 345 F2 seeds were detected in the experiment, and 1 r chromosome (24.1%) of rye with 83 seeds were structurally altered. Abnormal 1R chromosomes of 46 F3 plants derived from 23 F2 were classified by C-banding and in situ hybridization, including 39.1% of the 1RL end bodies, 2.2% of 1RL isochromatic chromosomes, 1RL The translocation line was 32.6%. The 1RS endbody was 4.3%, the 1RS arm chromosome was 4.3%, and the cut point was 2.2% on the long arm. Contains 2 types of 1R chromosomal structural variation in 6.5% of the plants. The remaining 8.7% of individuals with abnormal chromosome 1R could not tell which type they belonged to because there was no in situ hybridization result. The obtained 1R structural variant will likely be further developed into a set of genetic materials that can be used to map important functional genes on the chromosome 1R of rye. In addition, attempts to identify chromosome segments of wheat chromosomes in translocations using cytology and molecular markers were also discussed. Results obtained were also discussed.