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本文总结了中国大陆内部不同构造单元60个浆控高温热液型矿床的矿床地质地球化学特征,这些矿床包括了常称的斑岩型、矽卡岩型、爆破角砾岩型、脉型和IOCG型,它们形成并分布于碰撞造山带、断裂-岩浆岩带和活化陆内造山带或克拉通边缘等3类构造环境,围岩蚀变普遍以钾长石化、绿帘石化、萤石化、碳酸盐化等相对贫水蚀变为主,而绢云母化、绿泥石化、黑云母化等富水蚀变较弱;成矿流体以高盐度、富CO_2区别于岩浆弧区同类矿床的贫CO_2的NaCl-H_2O型流体,并且富F、富K。分析表明,陆内与岩浆弧背景浆控高温热液矿床围岩蚀变及成矿流体性质的差异缘于其源区物质成分的差别,大陆壳具有较高的K/Na、F/Cl、CO_2/H_2O等比值,而大洋壳则具有极低的K/Na、F/Cl、CO_2/H_2O等比值。
This paper summarizes the geological and geochemical characteristics of the deposits of 60 slurry-controlled high-temperature hydrothermal deposits of different tectonic units in mainland China. These deposits include the commonly known porphyry type, skarn type, breccia type, IOCG type. They are formed and distributed in three types of tectonic setting such as collision orogenic belt, fault-magmatic belt and active intra-continental orogenic belt or carat margin. The alteration of wall rock generally takes the form of potassium feldspar, epidote, fluorite, Carbonate and other relatively poor alterations are dominant, while water-rich alteration such as sericitization, chloritization and biotitization is weak. The ore-forming fluid is characterized by high salinity and rich CO 2 in the similar deposits Of CO 2 -depleted NaCl-H 2 O type fluid and rich in F and K-rich. The analysis shows that the variation of wall rock alteration and ore-forming fluid in the intrapulic and magmatic arc-controlled high-temperature hydrothermal hydrothermal deposits is due to the difference of material composition in the source regions. The continental crust has high K / Na, F / Cl, CO 2 / H 2 O ratios, while the large oceanic crusts have extremely low ratios of K / Na, F / Cl and CO 2 / H 2 O.