AIM To study the relationship between ABO bloodgroups and carcinoma of esophagus and cardia inChaoshan inhabitants of China,which is a unique Littoralhigh-risk area of esophageal carcinoma in China.The poorcommunication and transportation in the past has madeChaoshan a relatively closed area and kept its culture andcusture of old China thousand years ago.METHODS Data on age,sex,ABO blood type and X-rayor pathological diagnose of the patients with carcinoma ofesophagus or cardia were collected from the TumorHospital.First Affiliated Hospital,Second AffiliatedHospital of Shantou University Medical College;and theCentral Hospital of Shantou and the Central Hospital ofJieyang.A total of 6685 patients with esophagealcarcinoma(EC)and 2955 patients with cardiac cancer(CC)in Chaoshan district were retrospectively assessedfor their association with ABO blood groups.RESULTS The distribution of ABO blood groups inpatients with EC or CC was similar to the normal localpopulation in Chaoshan.However,blood group B in malepatients with CC and in the patients with carcinoma in theupper third esophagus was 2.3% and 4.7% higher thanthe corresponding controls.The relative risk B:O was1.1415(P<0.05)and 1.2696(P<0.05),respectively.Norelationship was found between ABO blood groups andtumor differentiation.CONCLUSION ABO blood group B is associated with theincidence of CC in male individuals and carcinoma in theupper third esophagus.The distribution of ABO bloodgroups varies in the different geographical and ethnicgroups.As a result,proper controls are very importantfor such studies. AIM To study the relationship between ABO bloodgroups and carcinoma of esophagus and cardia inChaoshan inhabitants of China,which is a unique Littoralhigh-risk area of ​​esophageal carcinoma in China.The poorcommunication and transportation in the past has madeChaoshan a relatively closed area and kept its culture Andcusture of old China thousand years ago.METHODS Data on age, sex, ABO blood type and X-rayor pathological diagnose of the patients with carcinoma ofesophagus or cardia were collected from the TumorHospital.First Affiliated Hospital,Second AffiliatedHospital of Shantou University Medical College; And the Central Hospital of Shantou and the Central Hospital of Jieyang.A total of 6685 patients with esophagealcarcinoma(EC)and 2955 patients with cardiac cancer(CC)in Chaoshan district were retrospectively assessed for their association with ABO blood groups.RESULTS The distribution of ABO blood groups Inpatients with EC or CC was similar to the normal localpopulation in Chaoshan.However ,blood group B in malepatients with CC and in the patients with carcinoma in theupper third esophagus was 2.3% and 4.7% higher thanthe corresponding controls.The relative risk B:O was1.1415(P<0.05) and 1.2696(P<0.05) ,respectively.Norelationship was found between ABO blood groups and tumor differentiation.CONCLUSION ABO blood group B is associated with theincidence of CC in male individuals and carcinoma in the upper third esophagus.The distribution of ABO bloodgroups varies in the different geographical and ethnicgroups.As a result ,proper controls are very importantfor such studies.