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目的:探讨诈骗犯和暴力犯的黑暗三人格、创造力及标新立异的特点及差异,并探究黑暗三人格对创造性和标新立异的预测作用。方法:在北京市某监狱选取了108名成年男性诈骗犯和142名成年男性暴力犯,施测高夫创造力量表、短式黑暗三联征量表和标新立异量表。结果:(1)两类罪犯的马基雅维利主义、精神病态、自恋、黑暗三人格总分均与标新立异显著正相关(r=0.389,0.616,0.374,0.614;P<0.01),马基雅维利主义、自恋、黑暗三人格总分与创造力显著正相关(r=0.151,0.398,0.251;P<0.05或P<0.01),创造力与标新立异显著正相关(r=0.137,P<0.05);(2)回归分析表明,马基雅维利主义、精神病态、自恋显著正向预测标新立异(B=0.192,B=0.775,B=0.297;P<0.001),仅自恋因子可以显著正向预测创造力(B=0.347,P<0.001);(3)诈骗犯的创造力显著高于暴力犯(t=3.53,P<0.001),精神病态(t=-1.86,P=0.064)和标新立异程度(t=-1.75,P=0.087)低于暴力犯,均达到边缘显著水平。结论:黑暗三人格与创造力和标新立异关系密切,不同犯罪类型的罪犯具有不同的人格和特质特点。
Aims: To explore the characteristics and differences of the dark three persons, creativity, and unconventional abilities of fraudsters and violent offenders and to explore the predictive role of the dark three persons in their creativeness and unconventionality. Methods: A total of 108 adult male fraudsters and 142 adult male violent offenders were selected at a prison in Beijing. The Goughs Creativity Scale, the short-type dark triad questionnaire and the unconventional scale were selected. Results: (1) The total scores of Machiavellian, psychotic, narcissistic and dark three persons in both types of criminals were significantly and positively correlated with the difference (r = 0.389,0.616,0.374,0.614; P <0.01), Machiavelli (R = 0.151,0.398,0.251; P <0.05 or P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between creativity and unconventionality (r = 0.137, P <0.05) (B = 0.192, B = 0.775, B = 0.297; P <0.001). Only the narcissistic factor can be positively predicted positively (P <0.05). (2) The regression analysis shows that the significant positive predictions of Machiavellian, Creativity (B = 0.347, P <0.001); (3) the creativity of fraudsters was significantly higher than that of violent offenders (t = 3.53, P <0.001) (t = -1.75, P = 0.087) were lower than violent offenders, both reaching significant levels at the edge. Conclusion: The Dark Personality is closely related to creativity and unconventional behavior. Criminals of different criminal types have different personality and trait characteristics.