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目的:观察1年健骨操运动前后绝经女性日常活动特征、能量消耗、骨密度、体成分及肌力变化特点,探讨绝经女性体力活动与机体骨量变化的关系。方法:以47名骨量低下的绝经女性为志愿研究对象,分为运动组(EG组)和非运动组(OG组),EG组进行1年60min/天、3～4天/周的中等强度健骨操运动。分别对实验1年前后两组受试者各项指标进行测定:以DXA(GE Lunar Prodigy,美国)测定主要部位骨密度(BMD)和体成分,以加速度计(OMRON hja-350it,日本)测定能量消耗,以等速肌力仪(ISOMED 2000,德国)测定肌肉力量。采用SPSS16.0统计分析数据。结果:EG组运动1年后,步行活动能耗(包括健骨操运动能耗)显著高于OG组,视为有效体力活动能耗。与OG组相比,EG组活动步数、步行时间及3～6 MET活动时间均显著升高,体重、BMI及体成分均发生了积极改变,各主要部位BMD均呈升高趋势,左股骨颈BMD显著升高。EG组运动1年后肌肉力量发生显著变化,其中髋等速90°伸、180°伸、180°屈及腰等速120°屈肌力均较1年前明显升高,实验1年后EG组髋等速180°伸、180°屈及腰等速120°伸肌力均显著高于OG组。结论:健骨操运动(有氧耐力、抗阻、冲击性练习等)通过增加机体能耗,改善体成分,增加肌肉力量,进而增加对骨骼的力学负荷刺激,是绝经女性改善和维持骨量的适宜运动。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of daily activities, energy expenditure, bone mineral density, body composition and muscle strength of postmenopausal women before and 1 year after exercise to discuss the relationship between the physical activity and the bone mass changes in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-seven menopausal women with low bone mass were selected as voluntary volunteers. They were divided into exercise group (EG group) and non-exercise group (OG group). EG group was treated for one year 60min / day, 3-4 days / Strength of bone exercises. The indexes of the two groups of subjects were measured before and after the experiment for one year. The BMD and body composition of the main part were measured by DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy, USA), and determined by accelerometer (OMRON hja-350it, Japan) Energy expenditure, isometric muscle strength (ISOMED 2000, Germany). Using SPSS16.0 statistical analysis of data. Results: After 1 year of exercise in EG group, the energy consumption of walking activities (including the energy consumption of bone-keeping exercises) was significantly higher than that of OG group, which was regarded as the energy consumption of effective physical activity. Compared with OG group, the number of walking steps, walking time and 3 ~ 6 MET activity time in EG group were significantly increased, body weight, BMI and body composition were positively changed, the BMD of all the main parts showed a rising trend, the left femur Neck BMD increased significantly. After 1 year of exercise, the muscle strength of EG group changed significantly. Hip speed at 90 ° extension, 180 ° extension, 180 ° flexion and 120 ° flexion strength at lumbar were obviously higher than those at 1 year ago. EG Group hip 180 ° stretch, 180 ° flexion and waist constant 120 ° extensor force were significantly higher than the OG group. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobics (aerobic endurance, resistance, impact exercises, etc.) improve bone mass in postmenopausal women by increasing body energy consumption, improving body composition, increasing muscle strength and then increasing mechanical load on the skeleton Suitable exercise.