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白血病复发的主要原因是体内残留白血病细胞克隆的再增殖,因此如何早期、微量、特异地检测微量残留病(MRD)显得十分重要。目前常用的形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学及DNA印迹杂交等不能发现少于1%～5%的微量残留白血病细胞(MRLC);双色免疫荧光加流式细胞仪虽能检到10~(-1)水平,但操作复杂、假阴性高。多聚酶链反应(PCR)技术通过体外扩增肿瘤特异性靶DNA或mRNA已使MRD的检测水平达10~(-4)～10~(-7)。急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是克隆性疾病,其肿瘤特异性基因重排和染色体异位等可作扩增靶用于MRD的检测。
The main reason for the relapse of leukemia is the repopulation of clones of residual leukemic cells in vivo. Therefore, it is very important to detect trace residual disease (MRD) early, trace and specific. The commonly used morphology, immunology, cytogenetics and Southern blot hybridization can not find less than 1% to 5% of trace residual leukemia cells (MRLC); two-color immunofluorescence plus flow cytometry can detect 10 ~ ( -1) level, but the operation is complex, false negative high. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has been used to detect MRD in vitro by detecting tumor-specific target DNA or mRNA in the range of 10 ~ (-4) ~ 10 ~ (-7). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease. Its tumor-specific gene rearrangements and chromosomal aberrations can be used as amplification targets for the detection of MRD.