目的探讨早产儿水肿的发病相关因素及为临床实践提供理论依据。方法将162例水肿早产儿按胎龄、并存症(病)分类,通过χ2检验、t检验比较其生化指标及治疗效果,以同期住院的96例无水肿早产儿作为对照。结果水肿早产儿组与无水肿早产儿组胎龄≤34周与>34周患儿例数比较差异有显著意义;低蛋白血症在两组比较差异无显著性,而低钙血症、低钠血症在两组之间比较差异显著;对低蛋白血症或低钙血症者予相应治疗,有利其水肿的早日消退,补钠与限钠患儿水肿消退时间比较差异无统计学意义。结论早产儿水肿与诸多因素相关,其中胎龄是最主要的因素,其次低蛋白血症、低钙血症等也参与或促进了水肿的发生。对水肿患儿应严密监测其体液代谢情况并予以及时、妥善的处理。 Objective To explore the related factors of edema in premature infants and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice. Methods The 162 preterm infants with edema were classified according to gestational age and coexisting disease (disease), and the biochemical indexes and therapeutic effects were compared by χ2 test and t test. 96 premature infants without edema were enrolled in this study. Results There were significant differences in the number of children with gestational age≤34 weeks and> 34 weeks in premature infants with edema and without premature edema; hypoproteinemia was not significantly different between the two groups, while hypocalcemia, low Sodium hyperlipidemia in the two groups was significantly different; hypoproteinemia or hypocalcemia were treated accordingly, facilitate the early edema subsided, sodium supplementation and limited sodium edema in children with no significant difference in the time of edema . Conclusion Edema in preterm infants is related to many factors, of which gestational age is the most important factor, followed by hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia and so on are also involved in or promote the occurrence of edema. Children with edema should be closely monitored the body fluid metabolism and timely and proper treatment.