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引言 当前我国氮肥利用率比较低。碳铵利用率只有27％,尿素为35％,硫铵为45％。可见氮肥损失十分严重,影响了农业增产。施入土壤中的氮肥,经微生物硝化作用,引起氮素流失或脱氮,是氮肥损失的主要原因之一。六十年代初,美国研制了氮肥增效剂2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(以下用CP表示)。它与氮肥按一定比例施于田间,能抑制硝化微生物对铵态氮的硝化作用及反硝化作用,减少氮素损失,延长肥效,相应地提高了氮肥利用率。1967年日本研制成功脒基硫脲(以下用ASU表示),这类增效剂对硝化作用也具有较强的抑制能力,选择性好,在空气中挥发性低,易被土壤吸附,对人、畜和作物毒性较轻。目前在国外作为商品注册允许生产的氮肥增效剂品种已达十余种之多。
Introduction At present, the nitrogen utilization rate in our country is relatively low. The utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is only 27%, urea is 35% and ammonium sulfate is 45%. Can be seen that the loss of nitrogen is very serious, affecting agricultural production. Nitrogen applied to the soil by microbial nitrification, causing nitrogen loss or denitrification, nitrogen loss is one of the main reasons. The early sixties, the United States developed a nitrogen fertilizer synergist 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine (hereinafter CP). It and nitrogen fertilizer applied to the field by a certain percentage, can inhibit the nitrification of nitrification and denitrification of ammonium nitrogen, reducing nitrogen losses, to extend fertilizer efficiency, and correspondingly improve the nitrogen utilization. 1967 Japan developed guanylthiourea (hereinafter ASU said), such synergist also has a strong inhibitory effect on nitrification, selectivity, low volatility in the air, easily adsorbed by the soil, the human Livestock and crops are less toxic. At present, as a commodity registration of foreign production of nitrogen fertilizer synergist varieties have reached more than 10 species.