声母错误的本质在于广义的音位对立,声母缺陷与声母正确的本质在于非对立。缺陷是非对立中的比较相似,正确是非对立中的极其相似。广义对立原则可以衍生出四条评定声母语音的规则,这四条规则可以统领绝大多数与声母语音评定有关的错误细则、缺陷细则、非错误非缺陷细则。 The essence of the initial consonant lies in the opposition of the generalized phonemes, and the consonance of the initial consonant and the initial consonant is opposite. Defects are relatively similar in the non-opposites, and correctness is extremely similar to non-opposites. The principle of generalized opposites can derive four rules for the evaluation of phonetic sounds. These four rules can guide the vast majority of error rules, defect rules and non-error non-defect rules related to initial phonetic assessment.