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本文审察了地球-轨道运载器的推进技术,介绍了向2000年航天技术发展委员会推荐的几种推进系统方案。2000年推进系统的特点必须是可靠的。可靠性将通过结构设计途径及合理的、成本效益高的研制和鉴定计划得到。为改进下一代航天运输推进系统,我们需要挑选几种最好的动力和性能循环系统及发动机方案。这些方案必须有严格要求,以期达到耐用的、可靠的、且有可能提供的推进系统。例如,采用推进剂或者非推进剂流体来做冷却剂和动力驱动的发动机方案,能够满足长寿命涡轮泵所需要的平稳、可控制的发动机启动和低涡轮温度等要求。所审察的方案有:液氧/液氢、液氧/液氢+烃、液氧/液氢+烃+铝的双膨胀发动机,单独的液氧/液氢和液氧/烃发动机及变混合比发动机。本文还介绍了可预见到的,风险度低、操作成本低的全重复使用的推进系统。
This paper examines the propulsion technology of Earth-Orbital Vehicles and introduces several propulsion system solutions recommended to the 2000 Aerospace Technology Development Committee. The characteristics of a propulsion system in 2000 must be reliable. Reliability will be obtained through structural design approach and a reasonable and cost-effective development and qualification program. To improve the next generation of space transportation propulsion systems, we need to select the best of several powertrain and performance cycle systems and engine solutions. These programs must have strict requirements in order to achieve a robust, reliable, and possibly propulsion system. For example, the use of propellant or non-propellant fluids for coolant and power-driven engine solutions meets the requirements for smooth, controlled engine start-up and low turbine temperature required for long-life turbo pumps. The programs under review include dual-expansion engines for liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen + hydrocarbons, liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen + hydrocarbons + aluminum, separate liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen / Than the engine. This article also describes a fully reusable propulsion system that is predictable, low risk, and low operating costs.