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本研究以黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区面积最大且连续的区域(即北起皇甫川流域南至佳芦河流域地区)为研究对象,以1960~1999年为研究时段,分析了该区内水沙变化特征。结果表明:降水变化的作用和人类活动的影响已交叉融合在一起,使得该区降雨量、径流量、输沙量呈现减少的趋势。在同一时段内,皇甫川流域的降雨损失量最大,而秃尾河流域的降雨损失量最小。40年间皇甫川和佳芦河流域的洪峰和沙峰出现的月份基本上吻合,而孤山川、窟野河和秃尾河流域的输沙量最大的月份同时或滞后于径流量最大的月份。孤山川流域的水沙异源,长时段序列又进一步掩盖了其水沙关系,使得该流域的水沙关系较差,其余4条流域的水沙关系较好,且呈正相关增长趋势。
In this study, the area with the largest source area of coarse sediment concentration in the Loess Plateau is the largest and continuous area (ie, from the north to the Huanghe River valley in the Huangfuchuan basin), taking the period from 1960 to 1999 as the research period, Characteristics of water and sediment changes. The results show that the effects of precipitation change and human activities have been cross-linked together, making the rainfall, runoff and sediment load of the area show a decreasing trend. In the same period, the Huangpuchuan Basin had the highest rainfall loss, while the Tuwei River Basin had the lowest rainfall loss. The peak of Huangfuchuan and Jialuhe watersheds coincided with that of Shapotou during the 40 years, while the month with the largest sediment discharge in Gushanchuan, Kuyehe and Tuweihe watershed coincided with or lagged the month with the largest runoff. The water and sediment of Gushanchuan Basin are heterogeneous. The long time series further obscures the relationship between water and sediment, making the relationship between water and sediment less favorable. The other 4 basins have a good relationship of water and sediment, showing a positive correlation with the growth trend.