婴儿和幼儿内窥镜检查术使用全麻可提供良好的手术条件,而且符合安全麻醉的原则,包括随时保持呼吸道通畅、肺换气充足、防止污染气管、安全、病人的痛苦小。作者概述了气管内插管的利弊,指出在气道不能维持通畅时必须插管。有关全麻争议最多的是围绕着全麻时肺换气究竟是自主呼吸,还是由麻醉师控制呼吸。控制换气法包括使用高压氧头近侧喷射通气的控制呼吸法、气管插管法、Benjamin管或经气管插针的远端喷氧通气法。尽管非常注意,向气管内直接输入高压氧将必然导致一些患儿的肺泡破裂。有 The use of general anesthesia in infants and toddlers for endoscopy provides good surgical conditions and complies with the principles of safe anesthesia, including keeping the airway open at all times, adequate ventilation of the lungs, prevention of contamination of the trachea, safety and patient suffering. The authors outline the pros and cons of endotracheal intubation and point out the need for intubation when the airway can not be maintained. The most controversial general anesthesia around the general anesthesia lung ventilation is spontaneous breathing, or controlled by the anesthesiologist breathing. Control ventilation methods include the use of controlled breathing of the proximal jet of a high-pressure oxygen head, the endotracheal tube approach, the Benjamin tube, or the far-end aerosol venting via the tracheal pin. Despite the great care, direct hyperbaric oxygenation into the trachea will inevitably result in rupture of the alveoli in some children. Have