A decrease in cancer deaths has resulted in the possibility of child bearing for many young adult cancer survivors. Most antitumor treatment modalities are detrimental to female fertility, and methods for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic treatment, including cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos and ovarian tissue, have therefore been developed. This review focuses on the ovarian function of cancer patients, the safety and efficacy of fertility preservation methods, and the pregnancy outcomes of these patients. Breast cancer and hematological tumors constitute the majority of cancers in reproductive-aged female oncology patients. Ovarian function may not be impacted by breast cancer cells, while in patients with hematological malignancies, decreases in anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle counts have been demonstrated. In most cases, patients can undergo ovarian stimulation without delaying treatment, and a new stimulation protocol known as dual stimulation, which may be more efficient, has now been developed. Birth outcomes are also acceptable in cancer patients.