如果平衡增长学说断言,不平衡必然延缓或阻碍进步,则是错误的。在一定场合,不平衡将是迅速增长的一个条件,而不是它的障碍物。过分强调平衡将引起停滞。初看起来,仿佛平衡增长依存于欲望的互补关系。然而互补关系可作为支持不平衡的论据。首先,互补是一个程度问题。其次,应按照事物关系的性质来区分各种互补关系。最后,还要把静态的互补同动态的互补区分开来。在一个发展中的企业社会,消费的互补关系对投资和进一步扩大生产会提供强大刺激,而这种刺激在完全按照消费者既定需求的充分平衡下将不存在。即使是在市场经济的社会,不平衡增长也能够实现一个大于平衡增长学说所能达到的增长率。只要(1)不可分割性是重要的,(2)扩建成本较大,(3)比平衡增长能创造更高收入,(4)能加强发明的动力和发明的应用;则不平衡增长是可行的。不平衡可以是增长的条件和刺激因素,不平衡不仅会促进增长,增长又会引起不平衡,两者的相互作用将导致积累的发展过程。 If the theory of balanced growth asserts that inequality necessarily delays or impedes progress, it is wrong. On some occasions, imbalances will be a condition of rapid growth, not its obstacles. Too much emphasis on balance will cause stagnation. At first glance, it seems that balanced growth depends on the complementary relationship of desire. However, complementarity can be used as an argument to support an imbalance. First, complementarity is a matter of degree. Second, the various complementary relations should be distinguished according to the nature of the relations of things. Finally, static complementation should be distinguished from dynamic complementarity. In a developing enterprise society, the complementary relationship of consumption provides a great stimulus for investment and further expansion of production, and such stimulus will not exist under the full balance of consumer demand. Even in a market economy society, unbalanced growth can achieve a growth rate greater than the balance theory can achieve. As long as (1) indivisibility is important, (2) expansion costs are greater, (3) higher incomes are generated than balanced growth, (4) the motivation for invention and the application of invention are strengthened, and unbalanced growth is feasible of. Imbalances can be growth conditions and stimuli. Imbalances not only promote growth, but also increase imbalances. The interaction between the two will lead to an accumulated development process.