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目的了解我国2005~2010年7~12岁学生营养不良的流性特征及其变化趋势,为改善学生的营养状况提供依据。方法利用2005年和2010年两次“全国学生体质与健康调研”数据,按照2014年颁布的国家卫生标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T456-2014),对全国7~12岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率分性别、省份及年份进行统计分析,其中分省份比较时,西藏自治区为藏族学生。结果 2010年7~12岁汉族男、女生营养不良检出率分别为13.29%和12.55%,其中男生和女生长迟缓、轻度消瘦、中重度消瘦检出率分别为1.32%和1.12%、6.20%和6.40%、5.03%和5.77%,较2005年各率均有不同程度的下降;分省分析结果显示:各省份间营养不良、生长迟缓和消瘦检出率差异较大。2010年我国各省份7~12岁男生和女生营养不良检出率分别在6.99%~24.17%和6.44%~24.39%之间,其中各省份生长迟缓、轻度消瘦和中重度消瘦检出率,男生分别在0.00~6.63%、3.19%~10.40%和2.28%~11.67%之间,女生分别在0.06%~4.95%、4.00%~12.56%和2.39%~9.08%之间,总体上绝大多数省份各指标的检出率较2005年有所下降,但也有部分省份稍有升高。此外,2010年7~12岁学生营养不良检出率超过20%的省份由2005年的青海、贵州、云南、海南、广西、广东、湖南、甘肃、重庆9省市减少至贵州、青海、西藏、云南和海南5省;而2010年营养不良检出率在10%以下的省份由2005年的江苏、天津、上海、北京、黑龙江、河北和辽宁7省市增至天津、浙江、江苏、山东、河南、内蒙古、河北、上海、北京、黑龙江、山西11省市。结论 2005~2010年我国7~12岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率总体上呈下降趋势,但部分省份略有升高;营养不良检出率较高的省份仍主要集中在经济欠发达的西部地区。
Objective To understand the flow characteristics and trends of malnutrition among students aged 7 ~ 12 in China from 2005 to 2010, and to provide basis for improving students’ nutritional status. Methods According to the data of “National Student Physical Health Survey” in 2005 and 2010, according to the National Health Standard “Adolescent Malnutrition Screening Criteria” (WS / T456-2014) promulgated in 2014, The detection rate of malnutrition among 12-year-old Han students was statistically analyzed by sex, province and year. Among them, Tibet Autonomous Region was a Tibetan student when comparing provinces. Results The prevalence of malnutrition among Han and Han boys and girls aged 7-12 years was 13.29% and 12.55%, respectively. The boys and girls were slow-onset and mildly emaciated. The detection rates of moderate to severe weight loss were 1.32% and 1.12%, respectively, 6.20 % And 6.40%, 5.03% and 5.77%, respectively, all of which dropped to some extent from the rates in 2005. The results of sub-provincial analysis showed that the detection rates of malnutrition, growth retardation and weight loss among the provinces differed greatly. In 2010, the detection rates of malnutrition among boys and girls aged 7-12 years in all provinces of China were between 6.99% -24.17% and 6.44% -24.39%, respectively. Among them, the detection rate of sluggish growth, mild weight loss, The boys were between 0.006.33%, 3.19% -10.40% and 2.28% ~ 11.67%, while the girls were between 0.06% and 4.95%, between 4.00% and 12.56% and between 2.39% and 9.08% The detection rate of various indicators in the province declined from 2005, but some provinces rose slightly. In addition, the provinces where the detection rate of malnutrition among students aged 7 to 12 exceeded 20% in 2010 decreased from Qinghai, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Gansu and Chongqing in 2005 to Guizhou, Qinghai and Tibet Yunnan and Hainan provinces. In 2010, provinces with malnutrition detection rates below 10% increased from Jiangsu, Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Heilongjiang, Hebei and Liaoning provinces in 2005 to Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong , Henan, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanghai, Beijing, Heilongjiang, Shanxi 11 provinces and cities. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among Han students aged 7-12 years in our country decreased from 2005 to 2010 as a whole, but slightly increased in some provinces. The provinces with higher incidence of malnutrition were still mainly concentrated in the economically underdeveloped western area.