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十月革命开启了社会主义的新篇章,开创了社会主义的新实践。第二国际中派理论家考茨基和鲍威尔围绕革命爆发的必然性和偶然性、革命道路的普遍性和特殊性、建设道路的理想性和现实性等重大问题发表了看法,与布尔什维克出现了明显分歧,反映了欧洲不同国度、不同立场的社会主义者对于“什么是社会主义,怎样实现社会主义”的多样理解。这场夹杂政治因素的论战未能引领欧洲无产阶级革命的高涨,反而加剧社会主义运动的分化,留下深刻的经验教训。回顾十月革命的争论,正视第二国际中派理论家的著作,有助于认识无产阶级革命和社会主义建设的道路和规律,坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。
The October Revolution opened a new chapter in socialism and started a new socialist practice. The second international middle school theorists Kautsky and Powell made clear their views on major issues such as the inevitability and contingency of the revolutionary outbreak, the universality and particularity of the revolutionary road, the ideality and reality of the road to construction, etc., and the Bolsheviks , Reflecting the diverse understanding of European socialism in different countries and positions on “what is socialism and how to achieve socialism?” This controversy over the political factors failed to lead the upswing of the proletarian revolution in Europe, on the contrary, it intensified the division of the socialist movement and left profound lessons. Recalling the October Revolutionary debate and looking squarely at the books of the second international middle school theorists will help us to understand the road and laws governing the proletarian revolution and socialist construction and to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.