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干旱是主要的环境胁迫因子之一,对林木影响非常广泛和深刻。我国自20世纪80年代开始,对林木抗旱性及其机理进行了大量的研究,并且取得了一定的研究成果,然而到目前为止,仍然很难定量地证实树木的一些生理参数的一种或任何一种组合可以实质性地改善树木的耐旱行为。水力结构理论形成于20世纪70年代,引入我国仅仅10 a时间。它是指植物在特定的环境条件下,为适应生存竞争的需要所形成的不同的形态结构和水分运输供给策略。从树木水力结构理论的理论基础、主要参数、树木水力结构和木质部空穴与栓塞化的关系,以及关于水力结构的国内外研究现状进行了详细介绍,并且对树木的水力结构与抗旱性的关系进行了探讨,认为树木木质部的空穴与栓塞化在水分亏缺解除以后的恢复能力与树木的抗旱性密切相关,并针对我国的树木水力结构研究现状提出了一些建议。
Drought is one of the major environmental stress factors, affecting the forest extensively and profoundly. Since the 1980s in our country, a great deal of research has been done on the drought resistance and its mechanism of trees, and some achievements have been made. However, so far it is still very difficult to quantitatively confirm one or any of the physiological parameters of trees A combination can substantially improve the drought tolerance of trees. The theory of hydraulic structure was formed in the 1970s and only 10 years into our country. It refers to the plant under certain environmental conditions, in order to meet the needs of survival competition formed by the different morphological structure and water transport supply strategy. Based on the theoretical basis of tree hydraulic structure theory, the main parameters, the relationship between tree hydraulic structure and xylem cavitation and embolization, as well as the current research status of hydraulic structure at home and abroad, and the relationship between the hydraulic structure and drought resistance of trees It is concluded that the restoration ability of cavities and embolization of the xylem in the tree after the water deficit is relieved is closely related to the drought resistance of the trees and some suggestions are put forward according to the research status of the tree hydraulic structure in our country.