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目的探讨职业紧张相关因素对吸烟、饮酒行为的影响。方法采用横断面研究方法对115名男性机车调度员进行调查,采用职业紧张测量工具测试职业紧张因素、人格特征、心理性紧张反应,调查吸烟饮酒行为。结果工作负荷、工作紧张、特质焦虑、内控性、状态焦虑、躯体抱怨和每日紧张感高评分组吸烟率高于低评分组,技术利用程度、积极的应对方式、工作中的人际关系和自尊感高评分组吸烟率低于低评分组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);工作负荷需求、A型行为、外控性、抑郁障碍、睡眠障碍及躯体抱怨高评分组饮酒率高于低评分组,社会支持、积极应对方式和自尊感高评分组饮酒率低于低评分组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,特质焦虑(OR=1.485)和躯体抱怨(OR=2.135)是引发吸烟行为的危险因素,而工作中的人际关系(OR=0.044)和决定自由度(OR=0.153)是减少吸烟行为的保护因素,外控性是引发饮酒行为的危险因素(OR=1.549) 职业紧张因素和不利于应对应激的人格特征以及由此引发的心理紧张反应可能会引起吸烟、饮酒行为的改变。
Objective To explore the influence of occupational stress related factors on smoking and drinking behavior. Methods A total of 115 male locomotive dispatchers were investigated by cross-sectional study. Tensor factors, personality traits and psychological stress were measured using occupational stress measurement tools to investigate smoking and drinking behaviors. Results The prevalence rates of smoking, work stress, trait anxiety, internal control, state anxiety, somatic complaints and daily stress were higher in the subgroup than those in the subgroup with low scores, the degree of technology utilization, the positive coping styles, interpersonal relationships and self-esteem (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The workload of work load, type A behavior, external control, depression, sleep disorders and somatic complaints were significantly higher Group drinking rate was higher than the low score group, social support, positive coping style and self-esteem high score group drinking rate was lower than the low score group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Trait Anxiety (OR = 1.485) and Somatic Grudge (OR = 2.135) were the risk factors of smoking behavior, while the interpersonal relationship (OR = 0.044) and the decision degree of freedom ) Was a protective factor in reducing smoking behavior. External control was a risk factor for alcohol consumption (OR = 1.549). Occupational stressors and personality traits that were not conducive to stress and the resulting psychological stress may cause smoking, alcohol consumption Change of behavior.