半导体超晶格由两种材料纳米厚度的周期叠层（量子阶和势垒）组成。这种人工晶体的周期d（～5nm）一般都很大于大块晶体的晶格常数（～0．5nm）。这种重叠势将导带和价带分裂成一系列微带的更窄的带（一般在强耦合区为几到几十毫电子伏），沿叠层的法线方向被能隙（微隙）分开 The semiconductor superlattice consists of a periodic stack of nano-thicknesses of two materials (quantum steps and barriers). The period d (~ 5 nm) of such an intraocular lens is generally larger than the lattice constant (~ 0.5 nm) of the bulk crystal. This overlay splits the conduction band and valence band into a series of narrower bands of microstrip (typically a few to tens of milli-electron eV in a strongly coupled region) that are separated by the energy gap (micro-gap) separate