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神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)具有高度的自我更新能力、多向分化潜能(包括神经元、星型胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞)和迁移能力。主要来源于哺乳动物胚胎期的大部分脑区以及成体脑组织的两个区域:海马齿状回的颗粒下层和侧脑室的室管膜下区。目前,应用NSCs治疗帕金森病(Parkinson s dis-ease,PD)已形成一种极具潜力的治疗手段,主要包括外源性和内源性治疗途径,前者是通过细胞直接移植或作为基因载体进行细胞替代和基因治疗,后者则是通过对生长因子和细胞因子的调控来诱导自身NSCs引起神经再生。外源性和内源性NSCs可在脑内增殖、迁移,并分化为多巴胺能神经元,改善PD模型动物的运动功能。而且,这两种途径存在协同作用,外源性NSCs能够刺激内源性NSCs,共同参与神经保护。
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a high degree of self-renewal ability, multidirectional differentiation potential (including neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and migration ability. Mainly from the majority of brain regions of mammalian embryonic as well as two regions of adult brain tissue: the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. Currently, the application of NSCs in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s dis-ease, PD) has become a very potential treatment, including exogenous and endogenous treatment, the former is by direct cell transplantation or as a gene carrier Cell replacement and gene therapy, the latter through the regulation of growth factors and cytokines to induce their own neural stem cells to cause nerve regeneration. Exogenous and endogenous NSCs can proliferate, migrate and differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the brain to improve the motor function of PD model animals. Moreover, there is a synergistic effect between these two pathways. Exogenous NSCs can stimulate endogenous NSCs to participate in neuroprotection.