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经济学本来是综合的,由于研究对象不同,西方经济学家将其分为宏观经济学与微观经济学.宏观经济学以整个国民经济活动为研究对象,而微观经济学是以基层经济单位为研究对象。宏观经济的研究,最早可追溯到17世纪中期,英国古典政治经济学的先驱者威廉·配弟,马克思称他为“政治经济学之父.在某种程度上也可以说是统计学的创始人”(《马克思恩格斯全集》第23卷第302页,1972年版).18世纪50年代,法国重农学派奠基人魁奈和亚当·斯密都被认为是早期宏观经济的研究者。直到英国经济学家凯恩斯于1923年发表 《货币改革论》、1930年发表《货币论》、1936年发表《就业、利息和货币通论》后,才奠定了现代宏观经济学的基础.微观经济学是研究基层经济单位的经济行为科学,它涉及市场、价格问题,又称为市场经济学或价格理论。在凯恩斯主义产生以前,由英国剑桥大学马歇尔集大成的传统庸俗经济学中的价值和分配论,便属于这一范围。 宏观经济理论和微观经济理论是当前国际上经济科学的两大支柱.前者运用总量分析法,从总体上分析研究一个国家或地区的社会经济发展、经济增长速度、工农业总产值、人均国民收入、调货膨胀、财政金融、进出口贸易等重大问题.而后者是运用局部分析法,从局部上分析研究一个企业或一个农场的
Economics has always been integrated, due to the different objects of study, Western economists will be divided into macroeconomics and microeconomics.Macroeconomics to the entire national economic activity as the research object, and microeconomics is the grassroots economic units Research object The study of macroeconomics dates back to the mid-17th century. William Pibi, the pioneer of classical political economy in Britain, called him “the father of political economy. To some extent, it can be said that the founding of statistics People ”(The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 23, p. 302, 1972). In the 1850s, both French writer Francis Quernay and Adam Smith were considered early macroeconomic researchers. It was not until the British economist Keynes published The Theory of Monetary Reform in 1923, the Monetary Theory in 1930, and the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Currency in 1936 that laid the foundations of modern macroeconomics. Is to study the economic behavior of grass-roots economic units of science, it involves the market, the price issue, also known as market economics or price theory. Before the emergence of Keynesianism, the value and distribution theory in the traditional vulgar economics that came together by the Marshall of the University of Cambridge in England fell into this category. Macroeconomic theory and microeconomic theory are the two pillars of the current international economic science.The former uses the total quantity analysis method to analyze and study the socio-economic development, economic growth rate, industrial and agricultural output value of a country or region, Income, the transfer of goods, financial, import and export trade and other major issues.The latter is the use of local analysis, from a local analysis of a business or a farm