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民二国会曾被寄予奠定中国共和政治基础的期望,而随后却爆发了二次革命,并最终以国会被解散的方式宣告了中国最初的宪政尝试的失败。本文主要通过民初政论家张东荪在1913年前后写下的时评与政论探索这一转折性大变动,希望在揭示当时一些相对中立的读书人对民初共和政治的期待与思考的基础上,进而从当时人的视角分析民二国会制宪失败的原因。多少是由于该国会一系列“因人制法”的举措,1913年的制宪始终在高度对抗的气氛中进行;随后袁世凯的“因人废法”则显示了民初共和政治常规化的困难。各方对民二国会的不同期待与评价,提示了中西不同的政治合道性概念的潜在冲突;而二次革命的失败与随后袁世凯统治的日益失去人心,则显示了国民党与北洋系均无法成为具有合道性的政治中心势力,并为新兴思想与政治势力的出现提供了可能。
The NPC and the People’s Republic of China were placed on the hope of laying the political foundations of the Chinese republic, but a second revolution ensued, eventually announcing the failure of China’s initial attempt at constitutional government by means of the dissolution of the National Assembly. This article mainly through the commentary and political theory written by Zhang Dongsun, written by the early Republican government in 1913, explored the turning point of this great change. On the basis of revealing the expectations and reflections of some relatively neutral scholars at that time on republican politics in the early Republic of China, At that time, people analyzed the reasons for the failure of the Second Parliamentary Constitution. How much is due to the Congress a series of “constitutional law ” measures, the constitution of 1913 always in a highly confrontational atmosphere; then Yuan Shikai’s “abolitionist” shows the republican Republican politics The difficulty of normalization. The different expectations and evaluations of the two parties by the two parties suggest that there are potential conflicts between the two different political concepts. The failure of the Second Revolution and the subsequent loss of popular support by Yuan Shikai mean that both the Kuomintang and the Northern Ocean were unable Become a political center with a commensurate power and provide the possibility for the emergence of new ideas and political forces.