证据是诉讼的灵魂,一切案件均需证据加以定案。在诉讼过程中,司法实务部门长期存在着证据方面的困惑,而这些困惑很大程度上来源于刑事诉讼法关于证据的规定比较原则,甚至可以说“相当粗略”。近些年来,为满足实践需要,各地出台了诸多证据改革措施,如北京市高级人民法院早在2001年就出台了长达149条的《关于办理各类案件有关证据问题 Evidence is the soul of the lawsuit, and all cases require proof. In the process of litigation, there are long-term evidence-based confusions in the judicial substantive departments, and these confusions are largely due to the comparative principle of the Code of Criminal Procedure on evidence, which can even be said to be “rather crude.” In recent years, in order to meet the practical needs, various evidence reform measures have been promulgated in various places. For instance, as early as 2001, the Beijing Higher People’s Court promulgated a total of 149 articles on the handling of evidence concerning all kinds of cases