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段落大意题与主旨概括题类似，只是概括程度不一样。
需要注意的是有时候文章在每个段落里表现的观点不一样，这个时候概括段落大意是最容易出错的。
A
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one’s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm’s interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach（对待） their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective（远景）than their western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company——the result of lifetime employment——may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work , for little overtime pay, to participate in（参加）earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
1. The passage mainly discusses___________.
A. how lifetime employment works in Japan
B. what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers
C. what lifetime employment is viewed
D. how lifetime employment is viewed
B
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of clam chowder, spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what are called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries, and a soft drink.
1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
A. Some people like steak and others red meat.
B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.
C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.
D. Different people have different tastes in food.
C
Joe is happy about being on a bowling team that bowls once a week. He also enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer, he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he can’t participate directly, he loves watching a football game or a golf or tennis match.
1. Which statement best expresses the main idea?
A. Joe enjoys all kinds of sports. B. Joe works very hard.
C. Joe likes playing baseball. D. Joe loves a football match.
2. The best title is___________.
A. Joe, A Lazy bones B. Joe, A Sports Fan
C. Joe, A Hardworking Student. D. Joe, A Clever Boy
3. The topic sentence is___________.
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2 C. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 4
D
When the famous dancer Fred Astaire was interviewed for a job by a Hollywood producer, the movie“expert”turned him down, saying,“Can’t sing. Can’t act. Dances a little.”Here’s another stupid mistake. When the great scientist Albert Einstein was at school, his teachers considered him rather dull. And a final story, the famous Polish pianist Paderewski was told by a teacher that he’d never be a success as a performer because the middle finger on each hand was too short.
What lessons can be drawn from these three experiences? First, true genius（天才）cannot be suppressed（压抑）. For some reason or other it works its way out. Second, early judgments of a person’s abilities may be unfair or just wrong. Third, when there is a real determination to succeed, obstacles fall by the wayside.
The famous motto“ad astra per aspera”can be translated as“To the stars through hardships.”Astaire, Einstein and Paderewski proved their critics wrong.
1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Fred Astaire was a famous dancer.
B. True ability will always make itself known.
C. Some people never get discouraged.
D. Albert Einstein proved his teachers wrong.
Keys:
A
答案为A。本题是主旨大意题。全文主要讲了终身雇用制在日本的运作方式。B、C、D项都是文章的一个细节，缺乏概括性，故不宜选。
B
短文的第一句话People have different tastes in food. 是主题句，故最佳答案为D。C
全文主要讲了Joe是个体育迷，喜欢从事和观看各种各样的体育活动。短文的主题句Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. 出现在文章中间。故可确定第1题的答案为A，第2题的答案为B，第3题当然就是D了。
D
答案为B。本文以爱因斯坦等三位名人为例阐述了过早给人下定论是错误的观点，说明了“是金子总是会发光”的道理。故第二段 ... true genius cannot be suppressed. For some reason or other it works its way out. 就是它的主题句。A、D是细节，不能作为主题大意。
编辑/孙栎栎
需要注意的是有时候文章在每个段落里表现的观点不一样，这个时候概括段落大意是最容易出错的。
A
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one’s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm’s interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach（对待） their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective（远景）than their western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company——the result of lifetime employment——may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work , for little overtime pay, to participate in（参加）earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
1. The passage mainly discusses___________.
A. how lifetime employment works in Japan
B. what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers
C. what lifetime employment is viewed
D. how lifetime employment is viewed
B
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of clam chowder, spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what are called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries, and a soft drink.
1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
A. Some people like steak and others red meat.
B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.
C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.
D. Different people have different tastes in food.
C
Joe is happy about being on a bowling team that bowls once a week. He also enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer, he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he can’t participate directly, he loves watching a football game or a golf or tennis match.
1. Which statement best expresses the main idea?
A. Joe enjoys all kinds of sports. B. Joe works very hard.
C. Joe likes playing baseball. D. Joe loves a football match.
2. The best title is___________.
A. Joe, A Lazy bones B. Joe, A Sports Fan
C. Joe, A Hardworking Student. D. Joe, A Clever Boy
3. The topic sentence is___________.
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2 C. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 4
D
When the famous dancer Fred Astaire was interviewed for a job by a Hollywood producer, the movie“expert”turned him down, saying,“Can’t sing. Can’t act. Dances a little.”Here’s another stupid mistake. When the great scientist Albert Einstein was at school, his teachers considered him rather dull. And a final story, the famous Polish pianist Paderewski was told by a teacher that he’d never be a success as a performer because the middle finger on each hand was too short.
What lessons can be drawn from these three experiences? First, true genius（天才）cannot be suppressed（压抑）. For some reason or other it works its way out. Second, early judgments of a person’s abilities may be unfair or just wrong. Third, when there is a real determination to succeed, obstacles fall by the wayside.
The famous motto“ad astra per aspera”can be translated as“To the stars through hardships.”Astaire, Einstein and Paderewski proved their critics wrong.
1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Fred Astaire was a famous dancer.
B. True ability will always make itself known.
C. Some people never get discouraged.
D. Albert Einstein proved his teachers wrong.
Keys:
A
答案为A。本题是主旨大意题。全文主要讲了终身雇用制在日本的运作方式。B、C、D项都是文章的一个细节，缺乏概括性，故不宜选。
B
短文的第一句话People have different tastes in food. 是主题句，故最佳答案为D。C
全文主要讲了Joe是个体育迷，喜欢从事和观看各种各样的体育活动。短文的主题句Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. 出现在文章中间。故可确定第1题的答案为A，第2题的答案为B，第3题当然就是D了。
D
答案为B。本文以爱因斯坦等三位名人为例阐述了过早给人下定论是错误的观点，说明了“是金子总是会发光”的道理。故第二段 ... true genius cannot be suppressed. For some reason or other it works its way out. 就是它的主题句。A、D是细节，不能作为主题大意。
编辑/孙栎栎