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上海博物馆藏战国竹简《孔子诗论》是迄今发现的最早评论《诗经》的专文,意义重大。其中第九简评论了《诗经.小雅》中《天保》、《祈父》、《黄鸟》等三篇作品。孔子对《天保》宣扬的敬天谀君思想提出否定意见,正面提出君权德授、王福德赐思想,是孔子仁学德政思想在解读作品时的具体体现,论诗角度具有多样化特点;孔子明确肯定《祈父》的责问理由及诗歌本身,评论有理有据,用“责”字概括《祈父》的内容特点,见解深刻独到;评论《黄鸟》时用“困而欲反其故”准确概括诗旨,并且揭示出“多蒙耻受辱者往往会抨击社会”的普遍现象。《孔子诗论》的面世,可使汉儒、清儒与宋儒的争讼得以了断,为辨正汉儒以来对三篇作品的误读提供了最早依据。
Bamboo Slips of Confucius in the Warring States Collected by Shanghai Museum is the earliest commentary on the Book of Songs discovered so far, which is of great significance. The 9th commentaries on the “Book of Songs. Xiaoya” in the “natural security”, “pray for father”, “Yellow Bird” and other three works. Confucius put forward negative opinions on the thought of “Heavenly King” which was proclaimed by “Natural Preservative” and put forward his positive conception of sovereignty and Wang Fude, which is the embodiment of Confucius’ theory of benevolent ethics in the interpretation of his works. “Pray for father” and the reasons for the prosecution and the poetry itself, the commentary justified, with “blame ” character summarizes the contents of the “pray for father” content, insights unique; comment on “yellow bird” with Therefore, it accurately summarizes the poetic purposes and reveals the widespread phenomenon that “many shame and humiliation persons tend to attack society.” With the advent of Confucius Theory, the dispute between Han Confucianism, Qing Confucianism and Song Confucianism can be stopped, providing earliest evidence for the misunderstanding of the three works since Han Confucianism.