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近年来,我国航天重大工程蓬勃发展,航天工程中新的力学问题不断涌现,开展航天工程力学问题研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用.随着航天器朝着超高速、深空探测、多功能方向的发展,其面临的发射和运行环境也更加恶劣,发射过程中的多场耦合、非线性等问题更加突出.大阵面、大挠性的航天器对在轨结构展开、模态辨识、刚柔耦合控制提出新的要求,而高精度、高分辨率的观测需求,为航天器在轨微振动、热致振动的研究带来了新的课题.同时,这一系列的问题也对航天器的地面试验和仿真分析等提出了更高的要求,在这些领域,各国学者也积累了一定的成果.本文概括介绍了近年来航天重大工程中出现的新的力学问题,从航天器的发射、在轨运行、地面仿真和试验等方面对航天工程中的力学问题进行了综述.内容主要集中在耦合动力学、空气动力学、多体动力学、结构动力学以及试验力学等方面,同时提出了工程中力学方面所面临的问题以及下一步的发展方向.
In recent years, China’s aerospace major projects flourish, and new mechanical problems in aerospace engineering continue to emerge. Research on mechanical engineering of aerospace engineering plays an important role in the development of aerospace technology. As spacecraft move toward ultra-high-speed and deep-space exploration In the multi-functional direction, the launching and running environments are even more harsh, and many coupling and nonlinear problems in the launching process are more prominent. Large-size and large-flexible spacecraft deploy on orbit structures, State recognition and rigid-flexible coupling control, and the demand for high precision and high resolution observation has brought new problems for the research on on-orbit micro-vibration and thermo-induced vibration of spacecraft .At the same time, this series of problems Also put forward higher requirements on the ground test and simulation analysis of the spacecraft, etc. In these fields, scholars from all countries have also accumulated some achievements.This paper summarizes the new mechanics problems in the major aerospace projects in recent years, The launch, the on-orbit operation, the ground simulation and the experiment on the mechanical problems in aerospace engineering are summarized.The contents mainly focus on the coupling dynamics, aerodynamics Science, multi-body dynamics, structural dynamics and experimental mechanics, etc. Meanwhile, the problems in the mechanics of engineering as well as the development direction of the next step are put forward at the same time.