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苏云金杆菌是一类非常重要的昆虫病原体，它能产生特异性的杀虫结晶蛋白，对农业上和生物医学上的许多有害的昆虫有毒杀作用，这些害虫包括鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、螨类和线虫。近三十年来，以苏云金杆菌为基础的生物杀虫剂已在世界范围内商业化用于防治重要经济作物的害虫。近年来有关Ｂｔ基因的遗传、分子生物学和基因工程已取得显著进展。本文对苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的分类和杀虫机理及用该类基因构建的工程转基因植物研究状况作一简要综述，同时对Ｂｔ基因工程存在的潜在问题和解决途径作了简单的探讨。
Bacillus thuringiensis is a very important insect pathogen that produces specific insecticidal crystal proteins that are toxic to many harmful agricultural and biomedical insects including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, mites and nematodes. For nearly three decades, biocides based on Bacillus thuringiensis have been commercialized around the world for the control of pests of important cash crops. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the genetic, molecular biology and genetic engineering of Bt genes. This article briefly reviews the classification and insecticidal mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genes and the status of engineered transgenic plants constructed with these genes. In the meantime, the potential problems and solutions to Bt gene engineering are briefly discussed.