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对９个苹果杂交组合和１个国光天然实生苗群体的童期、果实大小及颜色、成熟期和抗病性等经济性状的遗传特性进行了分析研究。结果认为，苹果遗传组成比较复杂，以上性状均属微效多基因控制，呈连续分布的数量性状遗传。杂种性状明显表现母性遗传优势，杂种群体结果的早晚，果实大小及颜色均有倾向母本的现象。杂种童期长短与亲本营养期亲中值呈正相关（相关系数ｒ＝０．６９），即亲本结果越早，杂种实生苗的童期亦短，但一般童期均较亲本营养期长。杂种果实平均果重普遍低于亲中值，并向中小果型回归，呈偏态分布。不同组合均有不同程度的超亲类型出现。果色虽有色对无色为显性，有色亲本后代仍有色，但有色后代仍出现无色类型和不同有色连续性状类型，明显表现出经济性状衰退和趋中变异。在成熟期性状遗传中，中×中、中×晚组合的杂种群体多倾向晚熟。在试验中，还发现多父（混合花粉）组合，其杂种后代出现抗病类型多，说明多父本具有多抗互补作用。此研究结果为今后苹果育种的亲本选择和选配，提供了参考依据。
The genetic characteristics of economic traits such as childhood, fruit size and color, maturity and disease resistance of 9 apple hybrids and 1 Guoguang natural seedling were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic composition of apple is more complex, the above traits are micro-multi-gene control, was a continuous distribution of quantitative traits. The hybrid traits clearly showed maternal genetic predominance, and sooner or later the results of the hybrid population, fruit size and color tended to be female mothers. The length of the hybrids was positively correlated with the parents’ relatives (r = 0.69), that is, the earlier the parents, the shorter the duration of the hybrid seedlings, but the longer the average of the parents. The average fruit weight of hybrid fruit is generally lower than the pro-median, and return to small and medium-sized fruit, was skewed distribution. Different combinations have different degrees of super-pro type appear. Although the color is colorless to the dominant color, the colored parent offspring is still colored, but the colored offspring still appear colorless type and different colored continuous trait type, obviously showing the recession and the trend of economic variation. In the maturity traits, the mixed population of middle, middle and late combinations tended to be late-maturing. In the experiment, it was also found that the combination of multiple parents (mixed pollen) showed more disease-resistant types in the offspring of hybrids, indicating that multi-parent has multi-resistant and complementary effects. The results of this study provide references for future selection and matching of apple breeding parents.