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针对在挤压加工道岔轨时出现挤压爆裂和矫直断裂的情况,对断裂钢轨进行了化学成分分析、低倍及金相检验,并采用X-650扫描电镜及EDAX电子探针对断口进行了分析。分析结果表明,断裂钢轨化学成分满足标准要求,低倍组织和显微组织正常,断口呈脆性断裂解理特征,断口处氧化严重。由此认为,造成挤压时道岔轨爆裂和矫直断裂的原因是挤压前加热工艺不当所致。
Aiming at the extrusion burst and straightening rupture in the process of pressing the turnout, the chemical composition analysis, low magnification and metallographic examination of the ruptured rail were carried out. The fracture was performed by using X-650 scanning electron microscope and EDAX electron probe Analysis. The analysis results show that the chemical composition of the rail rupture meets the standard requirements, the low magnification and the microstructure are normal, the fracture is characterized by brittle fracture and cleavage, and the oxidation at the fracture is serious. Therefore, the reason of the rupture of the turnout rail and the straightening and rupturing during the extrusion is that the pre-extrusion heating process is not proper.