在与日本交往、争战的过程中,李鸿章的心态大致可分为四个层面:因承袭传统而得鄙薄心;由于对明治维新的皮毛了解而生敬慕心;因感知日本军事实力而生防范心;出于封建地主阶级大官僚的虚弱本质而生畏惧心。这四个层面的心态,因李鸿章在晚清政治舞台上举足轻重的地位,都曾在中国近代历史的发展进程中产生过影响:“敬慕心”诱使他在领导洋务运动的过程中隐然以日本为师;“鄙薄心”又导致他对日本的仿效停留于“袭其皮毛”的浅层次上;“防范心”促使他以“制驭日本”为目标大办海军、加强海防;“畏惧心”则决定了他在中日战争中消极避战、拱手让敌,终于葬送了他苦心经营20载的北洋舰队,铸成了千古遗恨! In the course of exchanges and fights with Japan, Li’s mentality can be broadly divided into four levels: despised by inheritance; admiration due to his understanding of the Meiji Restoration; preparedness for fear of perceiving Japan’s military power Feared for the weak nature of feudal landlord class bureaucrats. All these four aspects of mentality, as Li Hongzhang played a decisive role in the political arena in the late Qing Dynasty, had had an impact in the process of the development of modern Chinese history: “adoring the heart” lured him to conceal Japan’s leadership in the Westernization Movement As a teacher; “despicable” led him to imitate Japan stay in the “attack its fur” shallow level; “prevent heart” prompted him to “control Japan” as the goal of major navy, strengthen the coastal defense; “fear Heart ”decided that he negatively avoided the war in China and Japan, surrendered to the enemy, and finally ruined his painstaking efforts of the 20-year fleet of the Northern, cast into a hateful legacy!