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一、词汇过关
1. upset
【考纲释义】adj. 心烦意乱的、不安的;v.打翻;使不安,使心烦n. 意外的挫折
He looks very upset. He must have been in trouble. 他看上去很心烦,他肯定有什么麻烦了。
He upset a bottle of ink over the map. 他把一瓶墨水弄翻泼到地图上了。
Your comments will upset some people. 你的评论会让一些人不快的。
【知识拓展】
be upset about / at 对……感到不安
2. ignore
【考纲释义】 vt. 不理睬,忽视
Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ignored me. 要么是她没看见我挥手,要么是她故意不理睬我。
The problem is so serious that none of us can ignore it. 这个问题如此严重,没人可以置之不理。
【知识拓展】
ignorantadj. 无知的;没有学识的
ignorancen. 无知
【比较辨析】 ignore;neglect
ignore不理睬,忽视,有故意不理睬的意思;neglect疏于照料,疏忽,忽略(不是故意的)
She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走进来,却故意装作没看见。
The agent had neglected to warn us about delays.代理商疏忽,忘了提醒我们会出现延误。
3. concern
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 涉及、关心、忧虑、关注
The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable public concern.近来犯罪增多是公众相当关注的事。
The tax changes will concern large company rather than small business.税收变化影响的是大公司而非小企业。
Tom has never been concerned about what other people think of him. 汤姆对别人如何看待自己从来不太在意。
【知识拓展】
show one’s concern about / for对……担心、关心 as far as sb. be concerned就……而言 be concerned about / for关心be concerned with与 ……相关的 concerningprep. 关于
If you are interested in English, you’d better read some stories concerning culture and background.如果你对英语感兴趣,最好读些关于文化和背景的文章。
4. suffer
【考纲释义】 vt. 忍受;遭受;经历& vi.遭受、感到痛苦
Mr. Smith suffered a loss in the vote.史密斯先生在选举中失利了。
He is suffering from the loss of his old friend.他正遭受失去老朋友的痛苦。
【知识拓展】
sufferern. 受害者、受苦者
sufferingn. 痛苦、困难
5. calm
【考纲释义】 vt.& adj.平静,镇定
Faced with emergency, please calm down first.面临紧急情况,首先要镇静下来。
Please remain calm whenever you have trouble. 无论何时有困难都要保持镇定。
【知识拓展】
calm down 使平静下来,镇定
【比较辨析】 calm; still; silent; quiet
calm 指风平浪静;或指人内心的平静与安宁。 still指环境的安静或是动作、姿势保持不动。 silent 指安静,或是沉默,不发表意见 quiet 指宁静、安静,没有声音
Tom can remain calm in face of danger.汤姆能够临危不乱。
When taking photos, please keep still.照相时请保持不动。
She always remains silent in our discussion.她总是在讨论中保持沉默。
I don’t know why it was so quiet in the classroom.我不知教室里为何如此安静。
6. settle
【考纲释义】 vt.& vi. 使舒适;安放;解决;安排
There is only one way to settle the dispute.要解决争端只有一种方法。
It was settled that Jim would visit us on the weekend.已经确定吉姆周末来看我们。
After returning from abroad, they settled in Chengdu. 回国后,他们在成都定居了。
【知识拓展】
settle down使停止、安静;安顿;开始认真做某事
Sue seems to have settled down more since school started.苏自从开学以来似乎平静多了。
settle in / into 适应(新环境)
It takes a few months to settle into high school life.要几个月才能适应高中生活。
二、短语诠释
1. add up合计
Add your score up and we will see who won.把你的分加起来,我就知道谁赢了。
There are five of us using the phone so it soon adds up.我们五人共用电话,所以花费很快就多起来了。
【知识拓展】
add to 增加,使丰富;add…to 加入,增加; add up to合计
As we know, collecting stamps can add to our knowledge of the world.众所周知,集邮可以丰富我们的世界知识。
Don’t add too much salt to the dish — it’s too salty. 不要在菜里加太多盐,太咸了。
Your bills added up to $120.你的账单合计120美元。
2. go through经历、经受;被通过;仔细寻找;进行到底
How does she keep smiling after all she’s gone through?她经历了这一切后怎么还能满脸笑容?
The Bill went through Parliament without a vote.法案未经表决在议会上通过了。
David went through his pockets looking for his keys.戴维翻遍口袋找钥匙。
【知识拓展】
go for 争取;go off爆炸,发出响声;go on 继续;go over 复习,检查;go up 增加,建立
3.set down记下;放下;登记
Please set down what I said.请把我说的话记录下来。
The club rules are set down in its constitution.俱乐部规则都写在它的章程里了。
【知识拓展】
set about (doing) 开始做某事;set up 建立;set aside放在一旁;set off出发,动身;爆发;set out(to do) 动身踏上旅程;开始做某事;set to开始积极做某事
4. on purpose故意
My boss is always annoying me, and I think he is doing it on purpose. 我老板总让我心烦,我想他是故意的。
He hit me, I don’t know he did it on purpose or by accident. 他撞着我了,我不知他是无心还是有意的。
【知识拓展】
for the purpose of 出于……目的;为了
For tax purposes, you will be treated as a part-time employee.出于税收目的,你将会被当作兼职对待。
to good / no purpose 很有 / 毫无效果
He has used his musical talents to good purpose.他成功地发挥了他的音乐才能。
反义词组: by chance / by accident 无意 / 偶然
5. no longer; not...any longer不再
He has given up smoking, he is no longer a smoker. 他已戒烟,不再是个烟民了。
I was so tired that I couldn’t work any longer.我累得不行,不能再工作了。
【知识拓展】 辩析:no longer;no more
no longer 多和live, work, stay, support等表示持续性动作的动词搭配,强调过去的情况不再延续,放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,强调“不再做某事”;no more 多用来指动作的次数。如:
He has given up smoking: he smokes no more.
We had a quarrel, so we didn’t speak any more.( = we spoke no more.)
三、句式详解
1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被车撞了。
该while引导的时间状语从句中省略了you are,相当于While you were walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose...。当时间、条件和让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。例如:When (you are) crossing the road, you should be very careful.过马路的时候你要特别当心。
When (ice is) heated, ice can change into water.冰加热可以变成水。
I will go to her party, if (I am) invited.如果被邀请,我会参加她的聚会。
Even though (I’m) invited, I won’t go.即使被邀请,我也不会去的。
2. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
这里主句为I wonder,其后if引导的宾语从句中采用了强调句型:It is / was + 被强调部分 +that + 剩余部分。使用时注意:(1)根据从句中时态来选择is / was;(2)当被强调部分是人时,可用who替代that。但是强调时间或地点状语时,不能用when或where; (3)该句不用于谓语动词的强调。例如:
Li Ming and I went to the Great Wall last summer.
It was Li Ming and I that / who went to the Great Wall last summer.
It was the Great Wall that Li Ming and I went to last summer.
It was last summer that Li Ming and I went to the Great Wall.
被强调部分也可以是从句。例如:
He realized the importance of study after he failed again.
It was after he failed again that he realized the importance of study.
3. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. 我的确很想改变这种状况,但是不知该怎么办。
该句是对谓语动词的强调,采用do / does / did + 动词原形。例如:
Do keep in touch with me after graduation.毕业后一定要和我联系。
We did work it out in a short time.我们的确很快把问题解决了。
4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
该句型It / This is / was the first / second...time (that) sb. have / had done sth.中常用完成式,表示“第几次……”。例如:
It is the first time that I have driven by myself.这是我第一次独自开车。
This was the third time that he had won the first prize.这是他第三次获得第一名。
1. upset
【考纲释义】adj. 心烦意乱的、不安的;v.打翻;使不安,使心烦n. 意外的挫折
He looks very upset. He must have been in trouble. 他看上去很心烦,他肯定有什么麻烦了。
He upset a bottle of ink over the map. 他把一瓶墨水弄翻泼到地图上了。
Your comments will upset some people. 你的评论会让一些人不快的。
【知识拓展】
be upset about / at 对……感到不安
2. ignore
【考纲释义】 vt. 不理睬,忽视
Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ignored me. 要么是她没看见我挥手,要么是她故意不理睬我。
The problem is so serious that none of us can ignore it. 这个问题如此严重,没人可以置之不理。
【知识拓展】
ignorantadj. 无知的;没有学识的
ignorancen. 无知
【比较辨析】 ignore;neglect
ignore不理睬,忽视,有故意不理睬的意思;neglect疏于照料,疏忽,忽略(不是故意的)
She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走进来,却故意装作没看见。
The agent had neglected to warn us about delays.代理商疏忽,忘了提醒我们会出现延误。
3. concern
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 涉及、关心、忧虑、关注
The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable public concern.近来犯罪增多是公众相当关注的事。
The tax changes will concern large company rather than small business.税收变化影响的是大公司而非小企业。
Tom has never been concerned about what other people think of him. 汤姆对别人如何看待自己从来不太在意。
【知识拓展】
show one’s concern about / for对……担心、关心 as far as sb. be concerned就……而言 be concerned about / for关心be concerned with与 ……相关的 concerningprep. 关于
If you are interested in English, you’d better read some stories concerning culture and background.如果你对英语感兴趣,最好读些关于文化和背景的文章。
4. suffer
【考纲释义】 vt. 忍受;遭受;经历& vi.遭受、感到痛苦
Mr. Smith suffered a loss in the vote.史密斯先生在选举中失利了。
He is suffering from the loss of his old friend.他正遭受失去老朋友的痛苦。
【知识拓展】
sufferern. 受害者、受苦者
sufferingn. 痛苦、困难
5. calm
【考纲释义】 vt.& adj.平静,镇定
Faced with emergency, please calm down first.面临紧急情况,首先要镇静下来。
Please remain calm whenever you have trouble. 无论何时有困难都要保持镇定。
【知识拓展】
calm down 使平静下来,镇定
【比较辨析】 calm; still; silent; quiet
calm 指风平浪静;或指人内心的平静与安宁。 still指环境的安静或是动作、姿势保持不动。 silent 指安静,或是沉默,不发表意见 quiet 指宁静、安静,没有声音
Tom can remain calm in face of danger.汤姆能够临危不乱。
When taking photos, please keep still.照相时请保持不动。
She always remains silent in our discussion.她总是在讨论中保持沉默。
I don’t know why it was so quiet in the classroom.我不知教室里为何如此安静。
6. settle
【考纲释义】 vt.& vi. 使舒适;安放;解决;安排
There is only one way to settle the dispute.要解决争端只有一种方法。
It was settled that Jim would visit us on the weekend.已经确定吉姆周末来看我们。
After returning from abroad, they settled in Chengdu. 回国后,他们在成都定居了。
【知识拓展】
settle down使停止、安静;安顿;开始认真做某事
Sue seems to have settled down more since school started.苏自从开学以来似乎平静多了。
settle in / into 适应(新环境)
It takes a few months to settle into high school life.要几个月才能适应高中生活。
二、短语诠释
1. add up合计
Add your score up and we will see who won.把你的分加起来,我就知道谁赢了。
There are five of us using the phone so it soon adds up.我们五人共用电话,所以花费很快就多起来了。
【知识拓展】
add to 增加,使丰富;add…to 加入,增加; add up to合计
As we know, collecting stamps can add to our knowledge of the world.众所周知,集邮可以丰富我们的世界知识。
Don’t add too much salt to the dish — it’s too salty. 不要在菜里加太多盐,太咸了。
Your bills added up to $120.你的账单合计120美元。
2. go through经历、经受;被通过;仔细寻找;进行到底
How does she keep smiling after all she’s gone through?她经历了这一切后怎么还能满脸笑容?
The Bill went through Parliament without a vote.法案未经表决在议会上通过了。
David went through his pockets looking for his keys.戴维翻遍口袋找钥匙。
【知识拓展】
go for 争取;go off爆炸,发出响声;go on 继续;go over 复习,检查;go up 增加,建立
3.set down记下;放下;登记
Please set down what I said.请把我说的话记录下来。
The club rules are set down in its constitution.俱乐部规则都写在它的章程里了。
【知识拓展】
set about (doing) 开始做某事;set up 建立;set aside放在一旁;set off出发,动身;爆发;set out(to do) 动身踏上旅程;开始做某事;set to开始积极做某事
4. on purpose故意
My boss is always annoying me, and I think he is doing it on purpose. 我老板总让我心烦,我想他是故意的。
He hit me, I don’t know he did it on purpose or by accident. 他撞着我了,我不知他是无心还是有意的。
【知识拓展】
for the purpose of 出于……目的;为了
For tax purposes, you will be treated as a part-time employee.出于税收目的,你将会被当作兼职对待。
to good / no purpose 很有 / 毫无效果
He has used his musical talents to good purpose.他成功地发挥了他的音乐才能。
反义词组: by chance / by accident 无意 / 偶然
5. no longer; not...any longer不再
He has given up smoking, he is no longer a smoker. 他已戒烟,不再是个烟民了。
I was so tired that I couldn’t work any longer.我累得不行,不能再工作了。
【知识拓展】 辩析:no longer;no more
no longer 多和live, work, stay, support等表示持续性动作的动词搭配,强调过去的情况不再延续,放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,强调“不再做某事”;no more 多用来指动作的次数。如:
He has given up smoking: he smokes no more.
We had a quarrel, so we didn’t speak any more.( = we spoke no more.)
三、句式详解
1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被车撞了。
该while引导的时间状语从句中省略了you are,相当于While you were walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose...。当时间、条件和让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。例如:When (you are) crossing the road, you should be very careful.过马路的时候你要特别当心。
When (ice is) heated, ice can change into water.冰加热可以变成水。
I will go to her party, if (I am) invited.如果被邀请,我会参加她的聚会。
Even though (I’m) invited, I won’t go.即使被邀请,我也不会去的。
2. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
这里主句为I wonder,其后if引导的宾语从句中采用了强调句型:It is / was + 被强调部分 +that + 剩余部分。使用时注意:(1)根据从句中时态来选择is / was;(2)当被强调部分是人时,可用who替代that。但是强调时间或地点状语时,不能用when或where; (3)该句不用于谓语动词的强调。例如:
Li Ming and I went to the Great Wall last summer.
It was Li Ming and I that / who went to the Great Wall last summer.
It was the Great Wall that Li Ming and I went to last summer.
It was last summer that Li Ming and I went to the Great Wall.
被强调部分也可以是从句。例如:
He realized the importance of study after he failed again.
It was after he failed again that he realized the importance of study.
3. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. 我的确很想改变这种状况,但是不知该怎么办。
该句是对谓语动词的强调,采用do / does / did + 动词原形。例如:
Do keep in touch with me after graduation.毕业后一定要和我联系。
We did work it out in a short time.我们的确很快把问题解决了。
4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
该句型It / This is / was the first / second...time (that) sb. have / had done sth.中常用完成式,表示“第几次……”。例如:
It is the first time that I have driven by myself.这是我第一次独自开车。
This was the third time that he had won the first prize.这是他第三次获得第一名。