采用培育试验研究了红壤与潮土两个长期定位试验中不同处理小区表层土壤的矿化和硝化作用特征。结果表明:红壤的矿化作用和硝化作用都很弱,而潮土硝化作用非常强烈。采用适宜的施肥措施培肥后氮素的矿化和硝化速率都有很大的提高;pH是影响硝化作用的重要因素之一,硝化速率与土壤pH呈显著正相关。合理施用肥料调控土壤肥力是提高红壤和潮土肥力的重要措施。 Cultivation experiments were conducted to study the mineralization and nitrification characteristics of surface soils in two different long-term plots of red and shale soils. The results showed that both the mineralization and the nitrification of red soil were very weak, while the soil nitrification was very strong. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate have been greatly improved after fertilizing fertilization. PH is one of the important factors affecting nitrification. Nitrification rate is positively correlated with soil pH. Rational application of fertilizers to control soil fertility is an important measure to improve the fertility of red soil and moist soil.