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目的了解沈阳市中小学生日光暴露行为情况及其影响因素,为学校健康教育的开展提供参考。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对沈阳市4所中小学的1 689名学生进行日光暴露知识、行为和影响因素调查,计算个体日光暴露行为评分。结果不同性别年级学生中,初中女生的日光暴露行为得分最低(27.21±5.47),小学男生和初中男生的得分最高(分别为30.15±5.33和30.17±5.75)。各组人群在非夏季上学日的户外活动时间最少,而在夏季休息日最多。将妨碍户外活动的原因归为学业压力的学生占31.5%,归因为空气质量差的占12.2%。结论沈阳中小学生在非夏季上学日的日光暴露少于其它时间,课业负担重和环境问题是影响学生户外活动的主要原因。
Objective To understand the sun exposure behavior of primary and middle school students in Shenyang and its influencing factors, and to provide reference for the development of school health education. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, behavior and influencing factors of sunlight exposure among 1 689 students from 4 primary and secondary schools in Shenyang and to calculate individual sunlight exposure score. Results Among the students of different gender grades, the scores of sunlight exposure of junior high school girls were the lowest (27.21 ± 5.47), the highest scores were for primary school boys and junior middle school boys (30.15 ± 5.33 and 30.17 ± 5.75 respectively). The groups spent the most time outdoors on non-summer school days and the rest on summer days. 31.5% of the students who obstructed outdoor activities due to academic pressure, due to poor air quality accounted for 12.2%. Conclusions Sunlight exposure of primary and secondary school students in Shenyang on non-summer school days is less than other times. The heavy burden of schoolwork and environmental problems are the main reasons that affect students’ outdoor activities.