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统一设计多点布置的试验结果表明,高播量(247.5kg/hm2)小麦垄盖膜际条播栽培比常规露地条播栽培平均增产1058kg/hm2,增幅41.89%,增加经济纯收益1121.82元/hm2;比覆膜穴播栽培平均增产777kg/hm2,增幅23.09%。相对露地条播栽培,垄盖膜际条播小麦的增产作用是在出苗率提高后保持了成穗数基本没有减少的基础上,通过延长幼穗分化天数增加穗粒数,延缓灌浆进程提高千粒重来实现的;相对覆膜穴播栽培,其增产作用则是通过产量综合性状的改善来实现的。小麦垄盖膜际条播栽培能够聚集雨水,变无效降水为有效降水,抑制蒸发,提高了土壤的蓄水保水性能。在此基础上,通过促进根系扩展,增强了对深层土壤水分的吸收能力;较大的叶面积系数又增大了有效蒸腾耗水比例,这是垄盖膜际条播小麦增产的生理生态学原理。相对小麦覆膜穴播栽培,垄盖膜际条播栽培是既解决了保墒提墒与接纳雨水相统一的问题,又不存在早衰现象的另一种地膜覆盖栽培模式。
The experimental results of uniform design and multi-point arrangement showed that the film mulching cultivation of high-yield wheat (247.5kg / hm2) increased 1058kg / hm2, 41.89% more than the conventional open-field sowing and increased the economic net income 1121. 82 yuan / hm2; than the film mulching cultivation average yield 777kg / hm2, an increase of 23.09%. Compared with the open-field planted cultivation, the yield-increasing effect of ridge-mulching and sowing of wheat was achieved by increasing the number of spikelets per panicle and prolonging the filling process by increasing the 1000-grain weight ; Relative film-mulched sowing cultivation, its production is through the improvement of yield traits to achieve. Film-mulching cultivation of wheat ridges can gather rainwater, change ineffective precipitation into effective precipitation, inhibit evaporation, and improve water storage and retention of soil. On this basis, through the promotion of root expansion, enhanced the ability of deep soil moisture absorption; larger leaf area coefficient increased the proportion of effective transpiration water, which is the physiological and ecological principles of ridge film mulching wheat yield increase . Relative to the wheat film-mulched sowing and ridge film-mulching cultivation is not only to solve the problem of preserving soil moisture and receiving rainwater, but also does not exist the phenomenon of premature decline of another film mulching cultivation mode.