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目的了解2013年-2015年宁夏环境高致病性禽流感病毒的分布变化情况及职业暴露人群禽流感病毒的感染状况。方法采用实时PCR对环境样本进行Fl A、H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测;采用马红细胞血凝抑制实验检测职业暴露人群H5N1和H7N9亚型血凝素抗体。结果 1 479份环境样本禽流感病毒核酸检测,A型总阳性率为4.46%,其中H5亚型阳性率为0.34%,H9阳性率为3.38%,H5亚型和H9亚型交叉双阳性率为0.74%,H7亚型均为阴性。城乡活禽市场样本阳性率显著高于其他场所,高峰期在冬春季。5个监测县区中,沙湖旅游区A型阳性率最高,为11.66%。职业暴露人群血清837人份,H5N1和H7N9抗体均为阴性。结论 2013年-2015年宁夏监测点环境中禽流感病毒以H9亚型为主,未检出H7亚型病毒。禽流感病毒呈地区性分布和变化的特点,城乡活禽市场仍然是禽流感病毒主要的集散地。宁夏尚未发现人感染H5N1和H7N9禽流感。
Objective To understand the distribution of environmental HPAI in Ningxia from 2013 to 2015 and the infection status of avian influenza virus in occupational exposure population. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of Fl A, H5, H7 and H9 avian influenza virus in environmental samples. H5N1 and H7N9 subtype hemagglutinin antibodies were detected by using the hemagglutination inhibition test of red blood cells in workers. Results The results showed that the total positive rate of type A was 4.46%. The positive rate of H5 subtype was 0.34% and the positive rate of H9 was 3.38%. The positive rate of cross-positive of H5 subtype and H9 subtype was 0.74%, H7 subtype were negative. The positive rates of live samples in urban and rural areas were significantly higher than those in other places, with the peak in winter and spring. Among the 5 counties, the highest positive rate of type A in Shahu tourism area was 11.66%. Occupational exposure population serum 837 people, H5N1 and H7N9 antibodies were negative. Conclusion The H9 subtype was the most common avian influenza virus in Ningxia monitoring area from 2013 to 2015. No H7 subtype virus was detected. The avian influenza virus is characterized by its regional distribution and change. The live market in urban and rural areas is still the main distribution center for avian influenza virus. Ningxia has not yet found human H5N1 and H7N9 bird flu.