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目的解决法医工作中骨组织、牙齿、毛发等硬组织快捷、准确的性别鉴定问题。方法通过对不同存放时间的硬组织内ＤＮＡ的提取，采用Ｘ－Ｙ同源染色体特异ＤＮＡ引物，扩增Ｘ染色体上牙釉蛋白和Ｙ染色体上类似的牙釉蛋白基因序列。结果除沸水烧煮过的硬组织外，其它样本经电泳分析均可见到扩增产物１～２条特异带。结论骨组织、牙齿和毛发的性别鉴定可在２４ｈ内完成；新鲜毛发、室温下存放在４５ｄ以内的骨组织和牙组织可作为鉴定样本，牙齿比骨组织更能完好地保存ＤＮＡ，沸水烧煮过的硬组织，因ＤＮＡ降解，不能用于鉴定。
Objective To solve the problem of rapid and accurate sex identification of hard tissues such as bone tissue, teeth and hair in forensic work. Methods X-Y homologous chromosome-specific DNA primers were used to amplify the DNA of the amelogenin on the X chromosome and similar amelogenin genes on the Y chromosome by DNA extraction from hard tissues at different storage times. Results In addition to the boiling water boiling hard tissue, the other samples can be seen by electrophoresis amplification products 1 to 2 specific bands. Conclusions The sex determination of bone, teeth and hair can be completed in 24 h. Fresh hair, bone and tooth tissues stored within 45 days at room temperature can be used as identification samples, and teeth can store DNA better than bone tissue. Over hard tissue, due to DNA degradation, can not be used for identification.