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间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是存在于骨髓等组织中的一种具有高度自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的非造血干细胞,具有对创伤及肿瘤组织较为特异的趋向性。MSCs与肿瘤微环境之间存在复杂的交互作用。一方面,MSCs可直接作用于肿瘤细胞抑制其生长;也可作为抗原提呈细胞,激活肿瘤抗原特异性免疫应答;还可作为细胞载体,传递和表达多种抗肿瘤治疗因子,参与抗肿瘤药物的运输、免疫应答的激活以及新生血管的抑制。另一方面,MSCs强大的分化和增殖能力促使其参与肿瘤组织的构建;通过多种趋化因子作用引起肿瘤细胞表型变化,促进肿瘤恶性行为;MSCs具有类似“免疫豁免”效应,可对各主要类型的免疫细胞产生增殖和活化抑制作用,有助于肿瘤细胞逃逸;表达于MSCs表面的多种生长因子和细胞因子可协同促进肿瘤血管和淋巴管生成,参与肿瘤侵袭、转移。MSCs尚具有恶变潜能,在某些条件下可自发转化为致瘤干细胞。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells that have a high degree of self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential in bone marrow and other tissues. They are more specific to wounds and tumor tissues. There is a complex interaction between MSCs and the tumor microenvironment. On the one hand, MSCs can directly act on tumor cells to inhibit their growth; also can be used as antigen-presenting cells to activate tumor antigen-specific immune response; also can be used as a cell carrier to transmit and express a variety of anti-tumor therapeutic factors and participate in anti-tumor drugs The activation of immune responses, and the inhibition of neovascularization. On the other hand, the strong differentiation and proliferation ability of MSCs contribute to their involvement in the construction of tumor tissue. Through the action of various chemokines, the phenotypic changes of tumor cells are promoted and the malignant behavior of tumor is promoted. MSCs have a similar immunosuppressive effect The proliferation and activation inhibition of all the major types of immune cells contribute to the escape of tumor cells. A variety of growth factors and cytokines expressed on the surface of MSCs can synergistically promote tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and participate in tumor invasion and metastasis. MSCs still have malignant potential, under certain conditions can be spontaneously transformed into tumorigenic stem cells.