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思维和存在的关系问题,即意识和物质的关系问题,是哲学的基本问题。哲学基本问题包含两个方面的内容。第一个方面是指物质和意识何者是本原的、第一性的,何者是派生的、第二性的。根据对这个问题的不同回答,哲学上划分为唯物主义和唯心主义两大基本派别。第二个方面是指思维能不能认识存在,即世界是否可知。对这个问题的不同回答,区分为可知论和不可知论。一切哲学派别都回避不了对上述两个方面问题的回答。本讲,就是要着重阐明辩证唯物主义关于物质和意识的辩证关系的原理。一方面,阐明物质第一性、意识第二性,物质是世界的本原,世界是依照其自身固有规律而永恒运动着的物质世界;另一方面,阐明意识的本质和意识对物质的能动作用。学习本讲,对于我们在实际工作中坚持一切从实际出发,反对主观主义,更好地贯彻党的实事求是的思想路线,具有重大的现实意义。
The relationship between thinking and being, the question of the relationship between consciousness and matter, is the basic question of philosophy. Philosophical basic problems contain two aspects. The first aspect refers to what matter and consciousness are primitive, primary, and secondary, secondary. According to different answers to this question, the philosophy is divided into two basic factions, materialism and idealism. The second aspect refers to whether thinking can recognize existence, that is, whether the world knows. The different answers to this question are divided between know and agnosticism. All philosophical factions can not evade the answers to the above two questions. In this lecture, we should emphasize the principle of dialectical materialism on the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness. On the one hand, it clarifies the material first nature and the second consciousness, the material is the origin of the world, and the world is the material world that moves according to its own inherent law. On the other hand, the essence and consciousness of the consciousness clarify the material dynamic effect. Studying this remark is of great realistic significance for us to adhere to all the ideological lines that proceed from reality in the actual work, oppose subjectivism and better implement the party’s pragmatic approach to seeking truth from facts.