·减少不确定性。减少或消除牛鞭效应最常用的方法是通过集中需求信息减少整个供应链的不确定性,即为供应链各阶段提供实际的顾客需求的全部信息。·减少变动性。通过减少顾客需求过程内的变化性,可以缩小牛鞭效应。例如,如果能够减少零售上所观察到的顾客需求的变化性,那么既使牛鞭效 Reduce the uncertainty. The most common way to reduce or eliminate the bullwhip effect is to reduce the uncertainty of the entire supply chain by centralizing demand information, providing all the information needed for actual customer needs at all stages of the supply chain. Reduce variability. The bullwhip effect can be reduced by reducing variability within the customer's needs. For example, if the variability in customer needs observed at retail is diminished, even if bullwhip effect