Guaranteeing the food security is a fundamental state policy of China. Food security needs overall planning of central government,economic benefit allocation of local government,and increase of grain farmers’ income. Through analysis on current situations and causes of China’s food security,and comparative study on purposes and functions of foreign and domestic grain reserves,it came up with recommendations that central government should decentralize rights of grain production,reserve,sales,and management to grain producing areas and major sales provinces. It is not appropriate for central enterprises to take charge of national food security reserves. And it is required to make a new round of reform in autonomous management right of major grain producing areas and the capacity of the state purchasing social grain reserves. Guaranteeing the food security is a fundamental state policy of China. Food security needs overall planning of central government, economic benefit allocation of local government, and increase of grain farmers’ income. Through analysis on current situations and causes of China’s food security, and comparative study on purposes and functions of foreign and domestic grain reserves, it came up with recommendations that central government should decentralize rights of grain production, reserve, sales, and management to grain producing areas and major sales provinces take charge of national food security reserves. And it is required to make a new round of reform in autonomous management right of major grain producing areas and the capacity of the state purchasing social grain reserves.