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针对微位移控制系统中参数整定精度低、控制效果不理想这一问题,本文提出了小生境蜂群PID控制算法(NABC-PID)来实现控制器参数的自整定和优化,以提高微位移控制系统的定位精度.NABC-PID控制算法将人工蜂群PID算法与具有维持解多样性的小生镜技术相结合,从而提高了算法的全局搜索能力和避免陷入局部最优.仿真实验结果表明,同蜂群PID算法相比较,基于NABC-PID算法的微位移控制系统具有响应速度快、超调小、稳态精度高等特点.微位移控制平台可视化监控界面的试验测试结果显示定位精度可达到0.012μm,移动误差位于0.010 μm～ 0.020 μm之间,满足纳米位移定位系统的控制精度要求.“,”To address the problem of low setting precision of a micro-displacement control system and unsatisfactory control effect,we propose an efficient control algorithm based on niche artificial bee colony proportional-integral-derivation (NABC-PID) to realize self-tuning and optimization of the controller parameters to improve the positioning accuracy of the micro-displacement control system.The NABC-PID control algorithm combines artificial colony PID algorithm with niche technology,which can maintain the diversity of solutions,thus improving the global searching ability and avoiding falling into the local optimum.Simulation results show that the control system based on the NABC-PID algorithm has the advantages of fast response speed,small overshoot,and high,steady accuracy in contrast to the artificial colony PID algorithm.The visual monitoring interface of the micro-displacement platform shows that the positioning accuracy of the step response curve can reach 0.012 μm,and the movement error is between 0.010 μm and 0.020 μm,which can meet the requirements of control accuracy for the nano-positioning displacement system.