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U形管电解氯化铜是中学化学中一个非常重要的实验,电解时生成单质铜和氯气。实验看起来很容易,现象应该非常明显,但实际上并非如此。从朱赛、彭俊、李俊生等人的研究结果可以看出,电解氯化铜实验的主要问题有:(1)析出铜的位置是碳棒的底部,边缘上没有;(2)析出铜的颜色本应该是红色,但实际上有黑色、白色等;(3)电解电压高,时间长,析出铜的量却不多,颜色不明显;(4)长时间电解,生成较多的氯气,危害师生健康。不难看出,实验中氯气的生成和检验都不存在问题,关键是如何得到红色的铜。针对这些问题,笔者对该实验进行了改进。
U-tube electrolysis of copper chloride is a very important experiment in secondary chemistry, the formation of elemental copper and chlorine gas electrolysis. The experiment seems easy, the phenomenon should be very obvious, but in fact not the case. From the research results of Zhu Sai, Peng Jun, Li Junsheng and others, it can be seen that the main problems in the electrolytic copper chloride experiment are as follows: (1) the location of the precipitated copper is at the bottom of the carbon rod and there is no edge; (2) Of the color should be red, but in fact there is black, white, etc .; (3) electrolytic voltage is high, long time, the amount of precipitated copper is not much, the color is not obvious; (4) electrolysis for a long time, generate more chlorine , Endanger the health of teachers and students. It is not difficult to see that the experiment of chlorine generation and testing are not existent problems, the key is how to get red copper. In response to these problems, the author made improvements to the experiment.