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为探明乙烯利和劲丰对小麦干物质积累与转运特征及产量的影响,以淮麦31为材料,研究了乙烯利和劲丰对小麦各营养器官花后干物质积累动态、花前和花后干物质再转运以及产量的影响。结果表明:乙烯利和劲丰处理能增强小麦灌浆中后期上部功能叶片和节间的干物质积累,并促进其灌浆后期干物质转运。与对照相比,乙烯利降低了花前花后暂贮干物质的总输出量,增加了成熟期干物质在各营养器官中的分配量和比例,减少了干物质在籽粒中的分配量,降低了籽粒产量、总生物量和收获指数;劲丰则能促进花前和花后两个时期暂贮干物质的输出,降低成熟期干物质在各营养器官中的分配量和比例,促进干物质向籽粒分配,提高了籽粒产量、总生物量和收获指数。此外,乙烯利处理降低了花前和花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率,分别较对照降低1.7%和6.4%;劲丰则分别增加0.8%和1.0%。乙烯利处理降低了小麦穗粒数和千粒重,分别降低6.75%和1.52%,减产11.74%;劲丰则分别增加小麦穗粒数和千粒重3.25%和6.85%,增产3.47%。因此,提高小麦花前和花后贮存干物质转运量,增强作物花后光合同化能力,改善穗部库容,是提高小麦产量的重要途径。
In order to investigate the effects of ethephon and Jinfeng on the characteristics of dry matter accumulation, translocation and yield of wheat, Huaimai 31 was used to study the effects of ethephon and Jinfeng on the accumulation of post-anthesis dry matter in wheat vegetative organs, Dry matter re-transport and the impact of production. The results showed that ethephon and Jinfeng treatment could enhance the dry matter accumulation of the upper functional leaves and internodes during grain filling and promote the dry matter translocation at the late filling stage. Compared with the control, ethephon reduced the total output of temporarily stored dry matter after anthesis, increased the distribution and proportion of dry matter in various vegetative organs at maturity, reduced the distribution of dry matter in grains, Reduced the grain yield, total biomass and harvest index; Jinfeng can promote the output of temporary storage of dry matter in pre-anthesis and post-anthesis, reduce the distribution and proportion of dry matter in various vegetative organs at maturity, Distribution of material to the grain increased grain yield, total biomass and harvest index. In addition, ethephon reduced the contribution of pre-anthesis and post-anthesis dry matter to grain by 1.7% and 6.4%, respectively, compared with the control; and that of Jinfeng increased by 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. Ethephon decreased wheat ear number and 1000-grain weight, decreased by 6.75% and 1.52%, respectively, and decreased by 11.74%; Jinfeng increased the number of spikelets and thousand-grain weight by 3.25% and 6.85% respectively and increased yield by 3.47%. Therefore, it is an important way to increase the yield of wheat by improving the dry matter translocation before and after anthesis, enhancing the ability of photosynthesis after anthesis and improving the storage capacity of ear in wheat.