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利福霉素是1957年意大利从链丝菌Streptomyces mediterranei中得到的抗革兰氏阳性细菌和结核杆菌的抗菌素。链丝菌培养液中有利福霉素A、B、C、D、E五种物质。其中A、C、D、E为碱性,不稳定,较难分离,称为利福霉素混合体,仅利福霉素B是结晶,为一比较稳定的化合物。利福霉素B易转变成为其他衍生物,如经氧化、酸水解及还原,可转变为利福霉素O、S及SV。利福霉素SV是一高效的抗革兰氏阳性菌及结核分枝杆菌的抗菌素。据报导,利福霉素SV不仅可通过利福霉素B转化,而且可以用利福霉素B的产生菌经诱变剂处理,获得突变菌种,直接生产利福霉素SV及其他组份。科学工作者试制了利福霉素B的酯、酰胺及酰肼衍生物,从中选出了Rifamide。
Rifamycin is an antibiotic that is resistant to Gram-positive and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Streptomyces mediterranei in Italy in 1957. Streptomyces broth in rifamycin A, B, C, D, E five substances. Which A, C, D, E is alkaline, unstable, more difficult to separate, known as rifamycin mixture, only rifamycin B is crystalline, is a relatively stable compound. Rifamycin B is easily converted to other derivatives, such as rifamycin O, S and SV by oxidation, acid hydrolysis and reduction. Rifamycins SV is an effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been reported that rifamycin SV can be transformed not only by rifamycin B, but also by rifamycin B-producing bacteria by mutagens to obtain mutant strains that directly produce rifamycin SV and other groups Copies Scientists experimented with esters, amides and hydrazide derivatives of rifamycin B, from which Rifamide was chosen.