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目的:食管癌是威胁我国居民生命健康的主要癌种之一.本研究描述2015年河南省食管癌发病和死亡流行特征,为河南省食管癌控制与研究提供基础数据.方法:根据河南省人群肿瘤登记数据库中抽取食管癌的发病与死亡记录以及登记地区的人口数据,估算2015年河南省食管癌不同登记地和不同性别的发病数、死亡数、(年龄别)发病率、(年龄别)死亡率、构成比、标准化率和0~74岁累积率.结果:2015年河南省食管癌新发病例估计为4. 1万例,死亡病例为2. 9万例.食管癌发病率为34. 94／10万(男性为41. 42／10万,女性为28. 11／10万),中标发病率为26. 64／10万,世标发病率为26. 99／10万,男女发病率之比为1. 56∶1.食管癌死亡率为25. 30／10万(男性为31. 07／10万,女性为19. 21／10万),中标死亡率为18. 96／10万,世标死亡率为19. 02／10万,男女死亡率之比为1. 73∶1.不论男性还是女性,城市地区的食管癌中标发病率和中标死亡率均低于农村地区.食管癌年龄别发病率和死亡率均随着年龄的增加而逐渐增高,在80~84岁年龄组达到峰值.结论:河南省食管癌发病率和死亡率均高于中国及世界平均水平,位居全省各部位癌症发病与死亡第三位,应针对全省食管癌流行特点及危险因素加大综合防控力度.“,”Objective:Esophageal cancer is one of the main cancer species that threaten the life and health of residents in China. This study aims to provide basic data for the control and research of esophageal cancer by analyzing its epidemiologi-cal features in Henan Province in 2015. Methods:We estimated the number of new cases of and deaths from esophageal cancer, and the (age-specific) incidence, (age-specific) mortality, proportion, standardized rate and cumulative incidence (0-74 year olds) of esophageal cancer in different residents and genders, based on data extracted from Henan Cancer Reg-istry. Results:It was estimated that new cases of esophageal cancer was 41 thousand with 29. 1 thousand deaths. The inci-dence was 34. 94／100 000 (male 41. 42／100 000, female 28. 11／100 000). Age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 26. 64／100 000 and 26. 99／100 000, re-spectively. The mortality was 25. 30／100 000 (male 31. 07／100 000, female 19. 21／100 000). Age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population ( ASMRC) and by world standard population ( ASMRW) were 18. 96／100 000 and 19. 02／100 000, respectively. The ratio of male and female mortality was 1. 73 :1. The esophageal cancer ASIRC and ASMRC were higher in rural areas than those in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer increased gradually with the increase of age, and reached the peak in the 80-84 age group. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Henan Province were higher than those in China and the world, and ranked the third most common cancer in Henan Province. Comprehensive prevention and control of esophageal cancer should be strengthened ac-cording to the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of esophageal cancer in the province.