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Objective: To evaluate the expression and its clinical significance of interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and type A interleukin 8 receptor (IL-8RA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induction treatment. Methods:Plasma and bone marrow mononuclear cell (MNC)culture supatant IL-6, sgp130, IL-8 concentration of 18 cases with APL were kinetically measured in vivo and in vitro (ELISA). Bone marrow MNC IL-8RA was measured by flow cytometry after being cultured with ATRA (10-6mmol/L). Results: Plasma IL-6, sgp130, IL8 levels were higher than normal (P＜0.05), IL-6, sgp130levels correlated with white blood cell (WBC) counts (P＜0.05) while IL-8 levels correlated with body temperature (P＜0.05) at initial diagnosis. After 72-hour incubation with ATRA, concentration of IL-6 of bone marrow MNC culture supatant did not change, that of sgp130 mildly decreased, and IL-8 significantly decreased while the positive rate of IL-8RA on bone marrow MNC increased. During ATRA treatment,plasma IL-6 changes were correlated with WBC counts.Peak levels of IL-6 and WBC were lower in patients who received intermittent therapy than those who received continuous therapy. Plasma IL-6 and IL-8 were increased when complicated with infection and IL-8seemed more sensitive. Conclusion: Plasma IL-6, sgp130,IL-8 levels may reflect patients’ responsiveness to ATRA treatment, and could be used to predict hyperleukocytosis and intercurrent infection. ATRA induces APL cell differentiation possibly via sgp130signal transducer chain. Measurement of sgp130 had certain meaning to prognosis.